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Gifu

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Gifu is a major city in south-central Japan.

Gifupanorama
Gifupanorama

It serves as the capital of Gifu Prefecture. The city is a core city designated by the national government. It sits within the Chūkyō metropolitan area. This area is centered around the large city of Nagoya. Gifu is located on the northern edge of the Nōbi Plain.

nagararivergifu
nagararivergifu

Much of the city lies on an alluvial plain. This is flat land created by the movement of a river. The Nagara River flows through the center of the city. It runs from the northeast toward the southwest.

gifuukai2
gifuukai2

The geography of Gifu is very diverse. The northern part of the city is bordered by mountains covered in trees.

Kinka zan
Kinka zan

In contrast, the southern part contains the main city center. The outlying areas feature persimmon orchards and strawberry patches. The Nagara River divides the city in half. Because the city sits on an alluvial plain, it faces flood risks. Heavy thunderstorms or typhoons can cause the river to overflow. To manage this, engineers have built dykes and levies. These structures help control excess water and protect the land. The soil here is very rich and fertile. As of 2005, there were 6,731 active farms in the area.

Gifu has a wide range of weather patterns. It follows the Köppen climate classification Cfa. This means it has hot, humid summers and mild winters. The average annual temperature is 15.5 °C. The city receives an average of 1799 mm of rainfall each year. September is typically the wettest month. Temperatures usually peak in August. The lowest temperatures occur in January. The city has seen extreme weather in its history. In August 2007, the temperature reached a record high of 38.8 °C. In January 1927, the temperature dropped to a record low of minus 14.3 °C.

The history of Gifu reaches back to pre-history. Archaeological sites like Ryomonji and Kotozuka show ancient residents lived here. These sites contain large burial mounds from the late-Yayoi period. This was the time when rice cultivation began in Japan. During the Sengoku period, Gifu became a strategic prize. Warlords believed that controlling Gifu meant controlling Japan. For 200 years, the Toki clan ruled the Mino Province. In 1542, Saitō Dōsan rebelled against the Toki clan. He took control of the province and built Inabayama Castle.

Kinka zan
Kinka zan

A famous leader named Oda Nobunaga changed the region forever. He absorbed the Saitō clan in the mid-sixteenth century. In 1567, Nobunaga renamed the area Gifu. He chose this name based on two legendary Chinese locations. The first character comes from Qishan, a mountain linked to Chinese unification. The second character means "base of the mountain" and comes from Qufu. Nobunaga used the local castle as his base. He renamed it Gifu Castle. He also renamed the mountain Mount Kinka. Nobunaga established a free market called Rakuichi Rakuza. This helped the economy flourish by removing monopolies held by temples. A missionary named Luís Fróis called the city a "bustling Babylon."

Gifu has faced many challenges through the centuries. In 1586, a massive earthquake hit the region. In 1891, the Mino–Owari earthquake struck with a magnitude of 8. This event caused massive fires. About 37% of the city was destroyed by the flames.

gifuearthquake
gifuearthquake

In response, Gifu built Japan's first Earthquake Memorial Hall.

gifuearthquake
gifuearthquake

During World War II, Gifu was an industrial center. This made it a target for heavy firebombing. An air raid on July 9, 1945, caused many casualties. The city also produced fire balloons during the war. These were hot air balloons carrying bombs. They were made using Mino washi, a strong Japanese paper.

Dosan Festival 1
Dosan Festival 1

Today, Gifu is a modern and connected city. It has a population of approximately 401,779 people as of 2022. The city is part of a larger urban system with excellent transport. Two major rail lines connect the city to the rest of Japan.

JR logo (central)
JR logo (central)

The Tōkaidō Main Line connects Gifu to Nagoya. There is also a direct train route to Chubu Centrair International Airport.

Meitetsu logomark 2
Meitetsu logomark 2

Residents enjoy various cultural activities. They can visit the Museum of Fine Arts.

THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS,GIFU 1
THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS,GIFU 1

They can also watch traditional cormorant fishing on the river.

gifuukai2
gifuukai2

The city continues to host many festivals and events throughout the year.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:nagararivergifu.JPG
nagararivergifu.JPG
File:Kinka zan.jpg
Kinka zan.jpg
File:gifuearthquake.JPG
gifuearthquake.JPG
File:Gifu City Hall.jpg
Gifu City Hall.jpg
File:Gifu University; April 2012.jpg
Gifu University; April 2012.jpg
File:gifustreetcar.JPG
gifustreetcar.JPG
File:JR logo (central).svg
JR logo (central).svg
File:JR logo (freight).svg
JR logo (freight).svg
File:Meitetsu_logomark_2.svg
Meitetsu_logomark_2.svg
File:gifuukai2.jpg
gifuukai2.jpg
File:THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS,GIFU 1.JPG
THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS,GIFU 1.JPG
File:Dosan Festival 1.jpg
Dosan Festival 1.jpg

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