Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Hakodate

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Hakodate is a major port city located in Japan. It serves as the capital of the Oshima Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido.

Hakodate from sky
Hakodate from sky

The city sits on the Kameda Peninsula. It occupies a narrow strip of land between Hakodate Bay and the Tsugaru Strait. Geologically, the city is built upon a tombolo. A tombolo is a sandbar that connects an island to the mainland. Millions of years ago, Mount Hakodate was a separate island formed by volcanic eruptions. Around 1000 BCE, a sandbar formed to connect it to Hokkaido. Today, the central part of the city rests on this landform.

Evening view of Hakodate city from Mount Hakodate
Evening view of Hakodate city from Mount Hakodate

The local climate follows the Köppen climate classification as a hot summer humid continental climate. This means the city experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and humid. In August, the average high temperature is around 25 degrees Celsius. Winters are cold and often bring intense blizzards. The city receives a large amount of snow each year. Spring begins with some snow but warms up gradually. Fall starts warm but becomes much colder as the season ends. Sometimes, snow falls during the late fall months.

Hakodate-Airport-01
Hakodate-Airport-01

Hakodate has a complex history involving the Ainu people. The Ainu were the original inhabitants of the area. The name "Hakodate" may come from an Ainu word meaning "shallow fort." In 1454, Kono Kaganokami Masamichi founded a large manor in the fishing village of Usukeshi. This village was located in a bay known by the Ainu name. Later, the Matsumae clan moved their administration to Hakodate in 1741. The Tokugawa shogunate took direct control of the area in 1779. This led to rapid development in the region. Merchant Takadaya Kahei helped turn the area into a thriving city. He opened important sea routes to the Kuril island fisheries.

A major turning point occurred in 1854. The Convention of Kanagawa led to the opening of the port to foreign trade. In 1859, Hakodate became one of five designated open ports in Japan. This followed the Treaty of Amity and Commerce signed with the United States.

Hakodate Station Hokkaido Japan01s3
Hakodate Station Hokkaido Japan01s3

Because of this, the city became a hub for international contact. Many foreign consulates were established there. The Russian consulate even helped introduce Eastern Orthodox Christianity to Japan in 1861. The city also played a role in the Boshin War. Rebels established the Republic of Ezo in Hakodate on December 25, 1868. They used the Goryōkaku fort as their center of defense. However, the Imperial Japanese Navy won a decisive victory in 1869.

Hakodate-lrt
Hakodate-lrt

The city has faced significant challenges over the years. In 1934, the Great Fire of Hakodate destroyed about two-thirds of all buildings. This caused many people to leave the city. During World War II, the city faced Allied bombing raids in July 1945. These raids destroyed about 400 homes on the western side of Mount Hakodate. In 1976, a Soviet pilot named Viktor Belenko flew his plane into the local airport. In more recent times, the city has grown through mergers. In 2004, several towns and a village were merged into Hakodate. This nearly doubled the size of the city. The Hokkaido Shinkansen line opened in 2016, which reduced travel time from Honshu.

Hakodate-Airport-01
Hakodate-Airport-01

Visitors often explore the landmarks that define the city's character. Mount Hakodate overlooks the entire cityscape. People can reach the summit by hiking, car, or cable car. Some locals call the mountain Gagyūzan, which means "Mount Cow's Back." The Goryōkaku fort is now a public park. It is a popular spot for hanami, or cherry blossom viewing. A tall, white Goryōkaku Tower offers panoramic views of the park. On clear days, you can see mainland Japan across the water.

Evening view of Hakodate city from Mount Hakodate
Evening view of Hakodate city from Mount Hakodate

Culture and food are also central to Hakodate. The city is famous for its seafood and sushi. The official fish of the city is the squid. One unique dish is "dancing squid," where a recently deceased squid is served with soy sauce. Another famous specialty is Hakodate shio ramen. This is a noodle soup with a clear, salty broth. It uses ingredients like chicken, pork, fish, or seaweed.

Hakodate-Shio-Ramen
Hakodate-Shio-Ramen

You can even find local art in everyday objects, like a squid-themed manhole cover.

Hakodate Squid Manhole Cover
Hakodate Squid Manhole Cover

The area also holds important historical items, such as the Hollow Dogū, a National Treasure.

中空土偶
中空土偶
705 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Evening view of Hakodate city from Mount Hakodate.jpg
Evening view of Hakodate city from Mount...
File:Hakodate from sky.JPG
Hakodate from sky.JPG
File:Hakodate-Shio-Ramen.png
Hakodate-Shio-Ramen.png
File:Hakodate Squid Manhole Cover.jpg
Hakodate Squid Manhole Cover.jpg
File:中空土偶.jpg
中空土偶.jpg
File:Hakodate-lrt.svg
Hakodate-lrt.svg
File:Hakodate Station Hokkaido Japan01s3.jpg
Hakodate Station Hokkaido Japan01s3.jpg
File:Hakodate-Airport-01.jpg
Hakodate-Airport-01.jpg
File:Hakodate Transportation Bureau type 9600 tramcar.jpg
Hakodate Transportation Bureau type 9600...
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.