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Tidal power

technology Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Tidal power is a way to make electricity from the ocean.

Tide type
Tide type

The tides move because of the gravity from the Moon and the Sun. This gravity pulls on the Earth's oceans. As the Earth rotates, the sea levels change in a very regular way. Because these changes happen on a set schedule, tidal energy is very predictable. It is a renewable resource because the tides will never run out. This makes it a special kind of energy compared to wind or sun.

SeaGen installed
SeaGen installed

There are a few ways to catch this energy. Tidal stream generators use the moving water to spin turbines. These work much like wind turbines do. Another way is to use a tidal barrage. A barrage is a large dam built across a river mouth or estuary. When the tide comes in, water fills a big basin behind the dam. As the tide goes out, the water flows through turbines to make power.

Barrage de la Rance
Barrage de la Rance

Some people also suggest using tidal lagoons. These use man-made walls to create reservoirs for the water.

Humans have used the tides for a very long time. In the Middle Ages, people used tide mills to grind grain. These mills used waterwheels to turn using the power of the tides. In the 1800s, people began using falling water and turbines to make electricity. The first large-scale tidal power station was built in France. This was the Rance Tidal Power Station in Brittany. It became operational in 1966. It was the largest station in the world for 45 years.

Barrage de la Rance
Barrage de la Rance

Today, there are even bigger stations in use. The Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station is in South Korea. It opened in August 2011. It is currently the largest tidal power installation in the world. This station uses 10 turbines to create 254 MW of power.

Sihwatidal
Sihwatidal

In the United States, a project in Snohomish County, Washington, tried to use tidal energy. It started in 2007 but was eventually cancelled in 2014. This happened because the costs grew from $10 million to $38 million. These big numbers show that tidal power can be expensive to build.

Tidal power is different from most other energy sources. Most energy comes from the Sun, like wind or solar power. Even fossil fuels come from the Sun's energy from long ago. Tidal power comes from the orbital movement of the Earth and Moon. Moving the tides actually takes a tiny bit of energy from the Earth-Moon system. This makes the Earth's rotation slow down very slightly over millions of years. The effect is so small that humans would not notice it.

DTP T dam top-down view
DTP T dam top-down view
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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Sihwatidal.jpg
Sihwatidal.jpg
File:Barrage de la Rance.jpg
Barrage de la Rance.jpg
File:Tide type.svg
Tide type.svg
File:SeaGen installed.jpg
SeaGen installed.jpg
File:DTP T dam top-down view.jpg
DTP T dam top-down view.jpg
File:VerdantPower 22Oct2020 RooseveltIsland.jpg
VerdantPower 22Oct2020 RooseveltIsland.jpg
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