Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🧬

The Double Helix

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

The Double Helix is an autobiographical book written by James D. Watson. It was published in 1968. The book tells the story of discovering the double helix structure of DNA. This discovery is a foundation for modern biology and genomics. Because of its impact, the Modern Library ranked it number 7 on its list of the 100 best nonfiction books of the 20th century. In 2012, the Library of Congress named it one of the 88 "Books That Shaped America."

Watson was an American molecular biologist and geneticist. In 1953, he worked with Francis Crick to find the structure of DNA. This work was a massive scientific breakthrough. The book provides an intimate, first-person memoir of this process. It was a very unusual way to write about scientific work at that time. Most science writing was formal, but Watson made it personal.

Publishing the book was a complicated process. Originally, Harvard University Press planned to publish the work. Harvard was Watson's home university. However, the press dropped the arrangement after protests. Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins protested the publication. Instead, Atheneum published the book in the United States. In the United Kingdom, it was published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

The book has faced significant criticism since its release. Some critics argue that Watson focused too much on scientific glory. They claim he may have used data from other scientists surreptitiously. Others criticize his treatment of Rosalind Franklin. Franklin was a scientist who worked on DNA at King's College, London. She had died before Watson wrote the book. Author Anne Sayre argued that Watson's account was not balanced. Sayre suggested Watson did not describe Franklin's interactions with Maurice Wilkins fairly.

Watson's view of Franklin changed over time. In the book's preface, Watson says he wrote about his impressions at the time. He was not writing from his later perspective. In the epilogue, he admits his initial impressions of her were often wrong. He describes her scientific work as superb. He also acknowledged the enormous barriers she faced as a woman in science. He noted it took years of bickering to appreciate her integrity.

Newer editions have provided more context to the story. In 2012, a special annotated and illustrated edition was released. Alex Gann and Jan Witkowski edited this version. It was published by Simon & Schuster and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. This edition arrived during the 50th anniversary of the 1962 Nobel Prize. That prize was awarded to Crick, Watson, and Wilkins for physiology or medicine. The new edition contains over 300 annotations. It also includes many previously unpublished letters and photographs.

These new resources include papers from Franklin, Pauling, and Wilkins. They even include a chapter that was removed from the original edition. That chapter describes Watson's 1952 holiday in the Italian Alps. The edition also includes an unsympathetic review by Erwin Chargaff from 1968. This review was originally published in the journal Science. The book's history is also captured in media. In 1987, the BBC produced a television docudrama called Life Story. This film won a BAFTA TV Award for Best Single Drama. It helps people visualize the race to find the double helix.

534 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.