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The Decameron

arts Maturity 9-11 Next article →

The *Decameron* is a monumental collection of 100 short stories.

Decameron Title Page
Decameron Title Page

It was written by the Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio between 1348 and 1353. The work is considered a masterpiece of early Italian prose. Boccaccio wrote it using the vernacular of the Florentine language. This helped make literature accessible to more people. The title itself is a nod to Boccaccio's interest in Greek philology. It combines the Greek words *deka*, meaning ten, and *hemera*, meaning day. Together, they describe a "ten-day event."

Decameron Title Page
Decameron Title Page

The book uses a complex frame story to organize its many tales. A group of ten young people—seven women and three men—flee from Florence. They seek shelter in a secluded villa near Fiesole to escape the Black Death. This deadly epidemic serves as the backdrop for their retreat.

Villa schifanoia, giardino 02
Villa schifanoia, giardino 02

To pass their time, they tell stories during their evenings. They follow a specific schedule over a two-week period. They tell stories for ten nights, leaving time for chores and holy days. By the end of their stay, they have shared exactly 100 tales.

Each day of storytelling follows a structured system of leadership. The group elects one person to serve as King or Queen for the day. This leader is responsible for choosing the theme for that day's stories. Most days have specific topics assigned by the monarch. These themes include the power of fortune or the power of human will. Other topics cover tragic or happy love stories. Some themes focus on clever replies, tricks played by women, or general human trickery. One character named Dioneo is noted for his great wit. Because of this, he is permitted to choose any topic he wishes for his tales.

Waterhouse decameron
Waterhouse decameron

Boccaccio’s work is deeply connected to earlier literary traditions. Some scholars suggest the title is a parody of "hexaemeral" literature. A hexaemeron is a work that comments on the six days of creation. By using a ten-day structure, Boccaccio may be metaphorically re-creating the world through stories. This happens in the wake of the plague's destruction. Additionally, the subtitle *Prince Galehaut* refers to a fictional knight. Galehaut was a character in the Lancelot-Grail legends. He acted as a "romantic go-between" for Lancelot and Guinevere. Boccaccio used this name to suggest his stories could act as a vehicle for love.

Lauretta-by-jules-joseph-lefebvre
Lauretta-by-jules-joseph-lefebvre

The stories within the collection offer a vast mosaic of human experience. They range from erotic and romantic to tragic and humorous. Some tales involve practical jokes or important life lessons. Boccaccio also uses the stories to provide a document of 14th-century life. He explores tensions between the new wealthy merchant class and noble families. The tales often mock the greed and lust of the clergy.

Sandro Botticelli 075
Sandro Botticelli 075

This reflects a wider historical trend of discontent with the Church after the Black Death. The stories also follow the medieval theme of Lady Fortune. This concept describes how the "Wheel of Fortune" can cause people to rise or fall quickly.

There is significant symbolic depth in the identities of the ten narrators. Many believe the seven women represent specific virtues. These include the four Cardinal Virtues—Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Fortitude—and the three Theological Virtues—Faith, Hope, and Charity. The three men are thought to represent the classical Greek tripartite division of the soul. This division consists of Reason, Spirit, and Appetite. Boccaccio noted that he chose their names as pseudonyms. He intended the names to be appropriate to the qualities of each character.

Waterhouse decameron
Waterhouse decameron

Boccaccio did not rely solely on his own imagination for these plots. He was a skilled researcher who borrowed from many different sources. He consulted French, Italian, and Latin texts to build his narratives. Some tales have origins in far-off places like India, Spain, and the Middle East. For instance, a story about Andreuccio of Perugia traces back to 2nd-century Ephesus. He also drew heavy inspiration from the works of the Roman poet Ovid. This ability to weave diverse influences together gave the *Decameron* a widespread influence. It famously impacted later works, such as Geoffrey Chaucer's *The Canterbury Tales*.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Manuscript from the Decameron by Giovanni Decameron, illustrated by Taddeo Crivelli (1467).jpg
Manuscript from the Decameron by Giovanni...
File:Villa schifanoia, giardino 02.JPG
Villa schifanoia, giardino 02.JPG
File:Waterhouse decameron.jpg
Waterhouse decameron.jpg
File:Lauretta-by-jules-joseph-lefebvre.jpg
Lauretta-by-jules-joseph-lefebvre.jpg
File:Sandro Botticelli 075.jpg
Sandro Botticelli 075.jpg
File:Peter Paul Rubens, Frans Snyders and Jan Wildens - Cimone and Efigenia.jpg
Peter Paul Rubens, Frans Snyders and Jan...
File:Decameron Title Page.jpg
Decameron Title Page.jpg
File:Boccaccio, Giovanni Decameron Ms. Ham. 90 1370 1 r.png
Boccaccio, Giovanni Decameron Ms. Ham. 90...
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