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Teesta River

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Teesta River is a very long and important waterway in Asia.

Teesta river near Gangtok
Teesta river near Gangtok

It begins high up in the Pauhunri Mountains of the eastern Himalayas. From there, it flows southward through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal. Later, the river enters the country of Bangladesh through the Rangpur division. Eventually, the Teesta joins the Jamuna River. This large river then flows into the Bay of Bengal. In Sikkim, the Teesta is the largest river. In West Bengal, it is the second largest river after the Ganges.

Teestavalley
Teestavalley

The river follows a very busy path through different kinds of land. At first, it flows through deep paths called gorges and fast rapids. It is fed by many streams from places like Tso Lhamo Lake and Gurudongmar Lake. As it moves, many other rivers join it, such as the Kanaka and the Ranikhola. The Rangeet River is its largest tributary. The river also meets the Rangpo River. Near the city of Sevoke, the water hits the flat plains.

Gajoldoba Barrage on Teesta river in Gajoldoba 13
Gajoldoba Barrage on Teesta river in Gajoldoba 13

It flows through many districts like Mangan, Darjeeling, and Jalpaiguri in India. In Bangladesh, it flows through places like Lalmonirhat and Kurigram.

History shows that the river has changed over a long time.

1776 Rennell - Dury Wall Map of Bihar and Bengal, India - Geographicus - BaharBengal-dury-1776
1776 Rennell - Dury Wall Map of Bihar and Bengal, India - Geographicus - BaharBengal-dury-1776

A map from 1776 shows that the Teesta used to flow differently. In the past, it flowed south in three separate channels. These were called the Punarbhaba, Atrai, and Karatoya Rivers. A massive flood happened in 1787. This flood changed the course of the river forever. Instead of meeting the Ganges, the Teesta turned southeast. Now, it becomes part of the Brahmaputra River system.

People use the water from the Teesta to create electricity. They build many dams and barrages along its path. For example, the Teesta III Dam in Sikkim can produce 1200 MW of power. There is also the Teesta Barrage at Gajoldoba in West Bengal. These projects help provide energy to many people. However, the river can be dangerous during the monsoon season. Heavy rains can cause the river to grow very large and wild. In October 2023, heavy rains caused a flood that destroyed the Teesta III Dam. Landslides in the mountains can also block parts of the river.

Sharing the river is a big job for the countries nearby. India and Bangladesh have talked about water sharing for almost 35 years. They have been having these talks since 1983. In 1983, they made a temporary plan for how much water each side would get. India was to receive 39% and Bangladesh was to receive 36%. They signed another treaty in 1996 to help manage the water. Even today, deciding how to share the water remains a challenge. Both countries want to find the best way to work together.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Teesta river near Gangtok.jpg
Teesta river near Gangtok.jpg
File:Teestavalley.jpg
Teestavalley.jpg
File:Gajoldoba Barrage on Teesta river in Gajoldoba 13.jpg
Gajoldoba Barrage on Teesta river in...
File:1776 Rennell - Dury Wall Map of Bihar and Bengal, India - Geographicus - BaharBengal-dury-1776.jpg
1776 Rennell - Dury Wall Map of Bihar and...
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