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Tatsumi Hijikata

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Tatsumi Hijikata was a revolutionary Japanese choreographer. He is best known as the founder of Butoh. This is a unique genre of dance performance art. Hijikata wanted to create an "outlaw" form of dance. He intended for it to negate all existing Japanese dance styles. His work focused on the concept of corporeal extremity. This means he pushed the human body to its physical limits. He explored themes of death, decay, and the transformation of the body.

To achieve these transformations, Hijikata developed a specific method. He used a poetic choreographic language called butoh-fu. In Japanese, the word "fu" means "word." This system of notation helped dancers change their physical state. It allowed them to embody different beings or ideas. For example, he explored how a body might move like an animal. His movements were often highly choreographed. They used stylized gestures drawn from his childhood memories of northern Japan.

There were different names for his evolving art form. In the early 1960s, he used the term Ankoku Butoh. This translates to "dance of darkness" in English. He eventually transitioned to the word "Butoh." This was a long-discarded term that originally referred to European ballroom dancing. He chose this name to further distance his work from classical Japanese dance. His style was often called the "dirty avant-garde." This was because it refused to join traditional Japanese art or society.

Hijikata's career began with highly controversial performances. In 1959, he performed his first Ankoku Butoh piece titled Kinjiki. This work was based on a novel by Yukio Mishima. The performance was an abrupt and violent act of choreography. It shocked the audience and caused a great deal of outrage. As a result, Hijikata was banned from the dance festival. This event helped establish him as an iconoclast. An iconoclast is someone who attacks settled beliefs or institutions.

His life was marked by deep creative collaborations. He worked with many different types of artists to expand his reach. He collaborated with filmmakers, photographers, and urban architects. One notable partnership was with the photographer Eikoh Hosoe. Together, they created the book Kamaitachi. This project involved journeys to northern Japan to embody mythical figures. They focused on the "sickle-weasel," a supernatural being from local folklore. Hijikata also acted in films within the "erotic-grotesque" horror genre.

In 1962, Hijikata established a permanent base for his work. He and his partner, Motofuji Akiko, opened Asbestos Hall. This studio was located in the Meguro district of Tokyo. It served as a dance studio and a film venue. A shifting company of young dancers gathered there to work with him. Later in his life, Hijikata entered a period of seclusion. He withdrew into Asbestos Hall to focus on writing and training. During this time, he wrote the book Ailing Dancer in 1983.

Hijikata's influence extends far beyond the world of dance. He was inspired by European literature and the French Surrealist movement. He drew ideas from writers like the Marquis de Sade and Jean Genet. His work connects dance to many other fields of study. Today, his legacy inspires visual artists, musicians, and architects. Even digital artists look to his ideas for inspiration. His personal archives are now held at Keio University in Tokyo. He died in January 1986 at the age of 57.

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