Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Butoh

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Butoh is a unique form of Japanese dance theatre.

Kazuo Ohno
Kazuo Ohno

It encompasses a wide range of activities, techniques, and motivations for movement. This art form is difficult to define because it seeks to resist fixity. Many critics and practitioners describe it as unclassifiable or even as a "seditious act." Rather than following a single set of rules, Butoh often explores taboo topics and grotesque imagery. It frequently takes place in extreme or absurd environments. This helps the performers express deep human experiences through movement.

To perform Butoh, dancers often focus on hyper-controlled, slow motions.

A common aesthetic involves covering the body in white, dark, or gold paint. Performers may also have shaved heads and wear grotesque costumes. You might see dancers using clawed hands, rolling their eyes, or opening their mouths in silent screams.

Sankai Juku
Sankai Juku

Many exercises involve "image work" to guide the dancer. Instead of consciously moving a limb, the dancer tries to be "moved" by an internal or external source. This process can involve transforming the human body into other forms, such as animals. Some traditional methods even involved intense physical duress to access deeper movement spaces.

There are several distinct approaches to the art form. Some practitioners follow the specific method of Ankoku Butoh, which is often called "inherited Butoh." This style uses precise philosophies and specific body shapes. Other dancers view Butoh as a "tendency" or a state of mind. In this view, the movement is a direct result of a feeling or a spiritual content. This approach is common among many Western dancers. They often focus on how a feeling influences the body rather than following set choreography. Some even treat Butoh as a way of life or a way of posing in "impossible" positions for hours.

Butoh emerged in post-World War II Japan in 1959. It was born from a collaboration between Tatsumi Hijikata and Kazuo Ohno. Hijikata is often called the "architect" of Butoh, while Ohno is known as its "soul."

Jay Hirabayashi 07
Jay Hirabayashi 07

Hijikata wanted to react against the Japanese dance scene of the 1950s. He felt that many dancers were merely imitating Western ballet or traditional Japanese Noh. He sought to create a new aesthetic based on the "squat, earthbound physique" of common people. His first major piece was titled *Forbidden Colors*. This work was based on a novel by Yukio Mishima and caused significant audience outrage. This controversy helped establish Hijikata as an iconoclast in the art world.

The significance of Butoh grew as it moved from Japan to the rest of the world. Starting in the early 1980s, Butoh experienced a renaissance through international performances. One notable group is Sankai Juku, which is well known to audiences in North America. During a performance in Seattle, a member of Sankai Juku died when a rope broke while they were hanging from a building. This tragedy was shown on national news and helped make Butoh more widely known in America. Other performances have occurred in diverse locations, such as a cave without an audience or a cathedral in San Francisco. These varied settings highlight the global reach of the movement.

There are many notable examples of how Butoh has evolved. In the year 2000, Sayoko Onishi and Yoshito Ohno began discussing a "New Butoh" style. Onishi founded the International Butoh Academy in Italy, which later became the New Butoh School. This shows how the art form has adapted to different cultures outside of Japan. Even in Kyoto, there is a dedicated theatre called the Kyoto Butoh-kan for professional performances. These examples demonstrate that while the roots are in Japan, the practice is now a global phenomenon. The art form continues to change as new choreographers develop their own unique expressions.

Butoh relates to broader discussions about art, identity, and the human condition. It challenges the idea that dance must be refined or beautiful in a traditional sense. By embracing darkness and decay, it connects to the works of writers like Jean Genet and Marquis de Sade. It also sits at the intersection of dance and performance art. Some see it as a way to extricate the pure life dormant in the human body. Because it is so personal, there are no competitions or rankings in Butoh. As dancer Masaki Iwana noted, every performance is an ultimate expression that cannot be ranked like a sport.

Mitski - 51932297073 (cropped)
Mitski - 51932297073 (cropped)
721 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Kazuo Ohno.jpg
Kazuo Ohno.jpg
Demostración de danza Butoh - MNCM.webm
File:Sankai Juku.jpg
Sankai Juku.jpg
File:Jay Hirabayashi 07.jpg
Jay Hirabayashi 07.jpg
File:Mitski - 51932297073 (cropped).jpg
Mitski - 51932297073 (cropped).jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.