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Tasmania

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Tasmania is an island state located in Australia.

Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m
Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m

It sits south of the Australian mainland. The Bass Strait is the body of water separating the two. The state includes the main island and 1,000 surrounding islands. This main island is the 26th largest island in the world.

Topography of Tasmania
Topography of Tasmania

Tasmania is Australia's smallest and least populous state. As of June 2017, it had 573,479 residents. The state is highly decentralised. This means fewer people live in the capital than in other Australian states.

The geology of the island creates a unique landscape. Much of the land consists of Jurassic dolerite. This rock formed from the upwelling of magma. It creates large columnar joints and steep cliffs.

Tasmania simple geology map
Tasmania simple geology map

Mount Wellington near Hobart shows these distinct columns. The Organ Pipes are a famous example of this formation. In the southwest, Precambrian quartzites form sharp ridges. These ridges include Federation Peak and Frenchmans Cap. The quartzite can make mountains look snow-capped year-round.

CradleMountainTas b
CradleMountainTas b

Other areas feature continental granites or limestone with caves.

Aboriginal people have lived in Tasmania for a very long time. Evidence suggests they arrived about 42,000 years ago. They lived as nine distinct nations. They called the island Trouwunna.

They practiced fire-stick farming and hunted animals like kangaroos. They also caught seals and shellfish. About 11,700 years ago, rising sea levels occurred. This event formed the Bass Strait. It isolated the Aboriginal people from the mainland. Today, many residents identify as Palawa or Pakana. The constructed palawa kani language uses the name Lutruwita for the island.

European contact began in the 17th century. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman first sighted the island in 1642.

Abel Tasman Navigateur en Australie (cropped)
Abel Tasman Navigateur en Australie (cropped)

He named it after his sponsor, Anthony van Diemen. The British arrived permanently in 1803. They established a penal settlement to prevent French territorial claims. This was part of the Napoleonic Wars. The island was originally part of New South Wales. However, it became a separate colony in 1825. It was then called Van Diemen's Land.

Life as a penal colony was very difficult. Approximately 80,000 convicts were sent to the island. This practice of transportation ended in 1853. Tensions rose between settlers and Aboriginal people. This led to a period of violent conflict called the Black War. This conflict peaked between 1825 and 1831. Martial law was declared for over three years. During this time, nearly 1,100 Aboriginal people and settlers died. In 1855, the current Constitution of Tasmania was enacted. The colony officially changed its name to Tasmania in 1856.

Tasmania became a founding state of Australia in 1901. This happened through the federation of the country. Today, the state has the second smallest economy in Australia. Its economy relies on tourism, agriculture, and aquaculture.

Tasmanian salmon on a pea and corn fritter
Tasmanian salmon on a pea and corn fritter

It is a major exporter of agricultural goods. The state is also a major destination for eco-tourism. About 42% of the land is protected in reserves. This includes many national parks and World Heritage Sites. Twenty-one percent of the land is a World Heritage Site.

The state capital is Hobart.

Franklin Wharf Hobart 20171120-031
Franklin Wharf Hobart 20171120-031

About 40% of the population lives in the Greater Hobart area. Tasmania is known for its environmental politics. In fact, the world's first environmental political party was founded there. The state also has a reputation for unusual place-names. Some names come from lost definitions, like Bobs Knobs. Others are descriptive, such as Paradise. The state is also affectionately called "Tassie" by many people.

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🖼️ Images & Media (36)
File:Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg
Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg
File:Tasmania simple geology map.png
Tasmania simple geology map.png
File:Tessellated Pavement Sunrise Landscape.jpg
Tessellated Pavement Sunrise Landscape.jpg
File:Terre de Diemen, navigation, vue de la cote orientale de l'Ile Schouten.jpg
Terre de Diemen, navigation, vue de la...
File:Abel Tasman Navigateur en Australie (cropped).jpg
Abel Tasman Navigateur en Australie (cropped).jpg
File:John Glover - Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point - Google Art Project.jpg
John Glover - Mount Wellington and Hobart...
File:Benjamin Duterrau - Timmy, a Tasmanian Aboriginal, throwing a spear - Google Art Project.jpg
Benjamin Duterrau - Timmy, a Tasmanian...
File:Truganini and last 4 tasmanian aborigines.jpg
Truganini and last 4 tasmanian aborigines.jpg
File:Convict labourers in Australia in the early 20th century.jpg
Convict labourers in Australia in the...
File:Topography of Tasmania.jpg
Topography of Tasmania.jpg
File:Mortimer Bay-3.jpg
Mortimer Bay-3.jpg
File:TAS 04-08-20.jpg
TAS 04-08-20.jpg

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