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Symbol

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A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that represents something else. It can stand for an idea, an object, or even a math formula. Symbols help us connect different thoughts and experiences.

Blank stop sign octagon
Blank stop sign octagon

For example, a red octagon tells a driver to stop without using any words. A blue line on a map often shows where a river is. A red rose might represent love and compassion.

White ribbon
White ribbon

People even use colored ribbons to show support for certain causes. Symbols are the very basis of how humans understand the world. They help us make judgments about everything around us.

Symbols work by creating a link in our minds. We see a sign and connect it to a real thing. In maps, this is called cartography.

Cartographic Symbols
Cartographic Symbols

Map makers use different types of symbols to share information. Pictorial symbols look like the real thing, such as a tree icon for a forest. Functional symbols show an activity, like a skier for a ski resort. Conceptual symbols represent an idea, like a dollar sign for an ATM. Conventional symbols are shapes we simply learn, like a red line for a highway. Finally, abstract symbols are just shapes chosen to represent a feature.

History shows us how the meaning of the word has changed. The word symbol comes from a Latin word meaning a mark for recognition. In ancient times, people used a special way to send messages. They would break a piece of ceramic in two. One half went to the sender and the other to the receiver. When the two pieces fit perfectly, the message was proven real. This idea of an "outward sign" of a message is how we see art today. The English word for something standing for something else appeared in 1590.

Many different people have studied how symbols function. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics. This field looks at how we use signs, body language, and sound to communicate. It is linked to the study of language and the mind. Some thinkers, like Carl Jung, said symbols are different from signs. He believed a sign stands for something known, but a symbol represents something unknown. Other thinkers, like Kenneth Burke, called humans "symbol-using animals." He noted that people can create symbols, but they can also misuse them.

Symbols can also carry deep value in our daily lives. Ideological symbols, like religious signs, show us what to believe. Comparative symbols, like awards, can show if something is better or worse. Some symbols help us fit in with others. For instance, bowing in the East or shaking hands in the West are ways to follow social rules. A symbol can even change its meaning based on the situation. A five-pointed star might mean a police officer or a soldier depending on the uniform. Symbols are living things that grow and change with our cultures.

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File:Blank stop sign octagon.svg
Blank stop sign octagon.svg
File:White ribbon.svg
White ribbon.svg
File:Cartographic Symbols.svg
Cartographic Symbols.svg
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