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Swimming pool

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A swimming pool is a man-made structure designed specifically to hold water.

backyardpool
backyardpool

These structures enable various activities, ranging from casual leisure to intense athletic training. People use pools for exercise, competitive sports, and relaxation. They are found in many different environments across the globe. You might find them in private backyards or large apartment complexes.

Miami hotel swimming pool
Miami hotel swimming pool

They are also common features in hotels, universities, and public leisure centers. Some even serve as features on large ships.

Pool construction varies depending on the intended use and location. In-ground pools are built directly into the earth. These are often made from concrete, natural stone, metal, or fiberglass.

Redino. July noon - panoramio (cropped)
Redino. July noon - panoramio (cropped)

Some in-ground pools use a method called gunite shotcrete. Others use a vinyl liner or a one-piece fiberglass shell. A newer method uses a hybrid system with prefabricated modular components. Above-ground pools are freestanding structures built on top of the land. Some are permanent, while others are temporary and collapsible.

Redino. July noon - panoramio (cropped)
Redino. July noon - panoramio (cropped)

Small, heated pools called hot tubs or spas are used for relaxation or hydrotherapy.

To keep the water safe and clean, most pools use specific treatments. Many pools use chlorinated water to kill bacteria. Others utilize salt water systems. The depth of a pool is also carefully designed for its purpose. A private pool for relaxing might be quite deep.

Rooftop pool NYC
Rooftop pool NYC

In contrast, a public pool for diving may have a floor that slopes downward. Children's play pools are kept shallow for safety.

Children's Pool for SaiGaau Swimming Pool
Children's Pool for SaiGaau Swimming Pool

In many places, laws require depth markings to be clearly visible on the pool walls.

Humans have been building pools for thousands of years. The Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Pakistan is likely the first swimming pool.

Roman Baths in Bath Spa, England - July 2006
Roman Baths in Bath Spa, England - July 2006

It was built during the 3rd millennium BC using bricks and a tar-based sealant. Ancient Greeks and Romans built artificial pools for military exercises and athletic training. Roman emperors even had private pools called piscinae that held fish.

Roman Baths in Bath Spa, England - July 2006
Roman Baths in Bath Spa, England - July 2006

One of the first heated pools was built by Gaius Maecenas in Rome between 38 and 8 BC. In the 6th century AD, the Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka built the Kuttam Pokuna pools. These were decorated with beautiful scroll designs and stone steps.

Swimming pools became much more popular during the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1837, London already had six indoor pools with diving boards. The Maidstone Swimming Club was formed in 1844 in England to help prevent drownings.

Yrjonkadun-uimahalli-1928
Yrjonkadun-uimahalli-1928

The modern Olympic Games began in 1896 and included swimming, which helped spread the popularity of pools. In the United States, home pools became a common status symbol after World War II.

Helen-Gould-Lyndhurst-Pool-c-1920
Helen-Gould-Lyndhurst-Pool-c-1920

This popularity was partly due to Hollywood films like *Million Dollar Mermaid*. Today, some small nations have very high numbers of pools per person. New Zealand, for example, has a high number of home pools and spa pools per capita.

Pools are measured using different units depending on the region. Most of the world uses the metric system, measuring length in meters. The United States often uses feet and yards.

Swimming pool 50m 2008
Swimming pool 50m 2008

In competitive swimming, the international standard is the 50-meter pool. An Olympic-size pool is 50 meters long and 25 meters wide.

Olympic Swimming Pool - Fast Lane
Olympic Swimming Pool - Fast Lane

Each of its ten lanes is 2.5 meters wide. Shorter pools, like 25-yard pools, are common in US high schools. Swimmers often go faster in shorter pools because they gain speed by pushing off the wall after every turn.

There are many record-breaking pools around the world. The San Alfonso del Mar seawater pool in Chile is the largest in the world.

Schwimmbad Moskwa
Schwimmbad Moskwa

It covers an area of 8 hectares, which is about 20 acres. For depth, Deep Dive Dubai in the UAE was certified as the world's deepest pool in 2021.

NASA Swimming Pool
NASA Swimming Pool

Specialized pools also exist for highly technical training. For example, NASA uses large pools to train astronauts. The Neutral Buoyancy Lab in Houston is the largest indoor pool in North America. These facilities show how pools can be used for much more than just recreation.

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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:backyardpool.jpg
backyardpool.jpg
File:Olympic Swimming Pool - Fast Lane.JPG
Olympic Swimming Pool - Fast Lane.JPG
File:Roman Baths in Bath Spa, England - July 2006.jpg
Roman Baths in Bath Spa, England - July 2006.jpg
File:Helen-Gould-Lyndhurst-Pool-c-1920.jpg
Helen-Gould-Lyndhurst-Pool-c-1920.jpg
File:Yrjonkadun-uimahalli-1928.jpg
Yrjonkadun-uimahalli-1928.jpg
File:Schwimmbad Moskwa.jpg
Schwimmbad Moskwa.jpg
File:Cairns Lagoon.JPG
Cairns Lagoon.JPG
File:Rooftop pool NYC.jpg
Rooftop pool NYC.jpg
File:A swimming pool from the air.jpg
A swimming pool from the air.jpg
File:Redino. July noon - panoramio (cropped).jpg
Redino. July noon - panoramio (cropped).jpg
File:Miami hotel swimming pool.jpg
Miami hotel swimming pool.jpg
File:Fra Mare. Foto by Victor Belousov. - panoramio (4).jpg
Fra Mare. Foto by Victor Belousov. -...

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