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Sus (genus)

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Pigs are very smart mammals that live in large social groups.

Domestic pig skull (Sus domesticus)
Domestic pig skull (Sus domesticus)

They belong to a group called the genus Sus. This group includes the domestic pig and its ancestor, the wild boar. There are about 1 billion pigs alive on Earth right now. This makes them one of the most common large mammals in the world. Pigs are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals. They can find food by using their amazing sense of smell.

Wild Pig KSC02pd0873
Wild Pig KSC02pd0873

A pig's body is built perfectly for finding food in the dirt. They have a long snout with a tough disk of cartilage at the tip. This snout helps them dig into the soil to find tasty things. They look for roots, fruits, mushrooms, and even small insects. Pigs especially love truffles, which are special mushrooms that grow underground. In Europe, people even train pigs to find these mushrooms for them.

Pig hand skeleton
Pig hand skeleton

An adult pig has 44 teeth to help them eat. Their back teeth are strong enough to crush food easily. In males, the canine teeth grow into long tusks.

Humans and pigs have a very long history together. People began domesticating pigs thousands of years ago. In the Near East, evidence shows people managed pigs around 13,000 years ago. This likely started because pigs came to human camps for food scraps. In China, farmers kept pigs in pens to make them fatter. These Chinese breeds were later brought to Europe to mix with local pigs. This mixing helped create many of the pig breeds we see today.

Domestic pig skull (Sus domesticus)
Domestic pig skull (Sus domesticus)

Pigs are found in many different places around the globe. Wild boars live across Europe, Asia, and Africa. They can live almost anywhere that has enough water and food. Humans moved pigs to new places like Australia and the Americas. Some pigs on islands in Indonesia and the Philippines have changed into new species. A mother pig, called a sow, can have a very large family. A single litter can have twelve or more piglets at once.

Wild Pig KSC02pd0873
Wild Pig KSC02pd0873

Pigs are also very helpful in the world of science. Their skin is very similar to human skin. Because of this, scientists use pig skin for medical research and drug testing. In 2012, scientists even mapped the entire genome of the domestic pig. This helps doctors study and treat human genetic diseases. We also use pig parts for everyday items. Their coarse hair, called bristles, is used to make paintbrushes. In 1946, Australia even flew in 28 tons of bristles from China to help build houses.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Domestic pig skull (Sus domesticus).jpg
Domestic pig skull (Sus domesticus).jpg
File:Pig hand skeleton.jpg
Pig hand skeleton.jpg
File:Wild Pig KSC02pd0873.jpg
Wild Pig KSC02pd0873.jpg
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