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Surveillance

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Surveillance is the act of watching people or places to gather information.

Three Surveillance cameras
Three Surveillance cameras

Governments often use these methods for national security or law enforcement. Businesses also use surveillance to learn about their customers or competitors. Even religious groups have used it to find people with different ideas. Some people use it to plan crimes, while others use it to stop them. This constant monitoring can be helpful for safety. However, it can also violate a person's privacy.

Bansky one nation under cctv
Bansky one nation under cctv

There are many different ways to perform surveillance. People can watch others through human interaction or by intercepting mail. Closed-circuit television, or CCTV, uses cameras to record video of an area.

Cairns-Lagoon
Cairns-Lagoon

Experts can also use wiretapping to listen to phone calls. In the digital world, data mining helps find patterns in huge amounts of information. Some people even use special software to access data on a computer remotely. There is also a method called van Eck phreaking. This involves reading signals from a device from hundreds of meters away.

Technology has changed how surveillance works over time. In the past, people had to watch cameras or listen to calls by hand. Today, computers do most of the work because there is too much data for humans.

IAO-logo
IAO-logo

In the United States, the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act helps agencies monitor digital traffic. Agencies like the FBI and the NSA spend billions of dollars each year on these systems. They use tools like Carnivore and ECHELON to find useful information. Some programs, like PRISM, give the government direct access to data from technology companies. This includes emails, live chats, and search histories.

Mobile phones are also major targets for modern surveillance.

ConstellationGPS
ConstellationGPS

Tools like the StingRay tracker can mimic cell towers to find a phone's location. This can happen without the person ever knowing they are being tracked. In the U.S., a company called Sprint once showed that law enforcement requested location data 8 million times in one year. Even the UK's GCHQ can access data collected by the American NSA.

Aerial of GCHQ, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England 24May2017 arp
Aerial of GCHQ, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England 24May2017 arp

This shows how information can move between different countries. Many people worry about how much of their private life is being recorded.

Video cameras are one of the most common ways to watch the world.

Surveillance video cameras, Gdynia
Surveillance video cameras, Gdynia

As of 2016, there were about 350 million surveillance cameras in use globally. About 65% of these cameras are located in Asia. In 2018, China was reported to have over 170 million CCTV cameras. Some cities use huge amounts of money to build these networks. For example, New York City used a $350 million grant for its Domain Awareness System. This system uses 18,000 cameras and artificial intelligence to watch the city. These tools help keep order, but they also change how we live in public spaces.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Surveillance video cameras, Gdynia.jpeg
Surveillance video cameras, Gdynia.jpeg
File:Surveillance Camera At Connecticut Avenue, NW & Nebraska Avenue, NW (Washington, DC) (349115665).jpg
Surveillance Camera At Connecticut...
File:IAO-logo.png
IAO-logo.png
File:Aerial of GCHQ, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England 24May2017 arp.jpg
Aerial of GCHQ, Cheltenham,...
File:Cairns-Lagoon.JPG
Cairns-Lagoon.JPG
File:Three Surveillance cameras.jpg
Three Surveillance cameras.jpg
File:DSTAMP Controp Camera.jpg
DSTAMP Controp Camera.jpg
File:Kencf0618FacebookNetwork.jpg
Kencf0618FacebookNetwork.jpg
File:US-VISIT (CBP).jpg
US-VISIT (CBP).jpg
File:MicroAirVehicle.jpg
MicroAirVehicle.jpg
File:HURT concept drawing.jpg
HURT concept drawing.jpg
File:Social Security card.jpg
Social Security card.jpg

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