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Stocking

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Stockings are close-fitting garments designed to cover the leg.

Stockings for sale in south korea - 2007-6-9
Stockings for sale in south korea - 2007-6-9

They typically extend from the foot up to the knee. Some styles may reach part or all of the thigh. These garments vary significantly in color, design, and transparency. In modern fashion, they are often worn with short or mid-length skirts. People use them for aesthetics and personal style. They serve as a functional part of hosiery, which includes various leg coverings.

There are three primary methods used to keep stockings in place. The most common method is using hold-ups, also known as stay-ups.

Legs in black stockings
Legs in black stockings

These feature a band of elastic or silicone at the top. This material resists slipping down the thigh. The second common method involves a garter belt.

Garter belt
Garter belt

In American English, this is called a suspender belt. It is a piece of underwear worn around the waist. It uses straps, or stays, to clip onto the tops of the stockings. Some people use girdles that include these clips. The least common method is using a garter. This is a band slipped over the top to clamp the stocking to the leg. Brides often wear these during weddings.

Stockings come in many specialized types and styles. One common style is fishnet, which has a wide open knit.

Fishnet stockings from below
Fishnet stockings from below

A similar but wider pattern is called fencenet. The thickness of the fabric is measured in denier. A lower denier number means the garment is sheerer. For example, ultra sheer stockings can be as low as 1 denier. A higher denier makes the stockings more opaque and durable. Some stockings feature a Cuban heel, which is a reinforced heel made by folding and sewing. Other styles include the demi-toe, which reinforces only the tip of the toes. There are also seamless stockings, which are knit in one continuous operation on circular machines.

Historically, the terminology and construction of these garments have shifted. In the medieval period, men typically wore garments called hose.

NMA.0028271, Fashion Photo by Erik Liljeroth 1954
NMA.0028271, Fashion Photo by Erik Liljeroth 1954

By the 15th century, the word "stock" referred to a one-piece covering for the lower trunk and limbs. This was essentially tights made of upper-stocks and nether-stocks. Before the 1590s, stockings were either hand-knitted or made from woven cloth. Knitted versions were preferred due to their flexibility. Early stockings were made from materials like cotton, linen, wool, or silk. A polished cotton known as lisle was a common choice. Interestingly, the first knitting machines were actually invented to make stockings.

Royal history provides specific examples of high-quality stockings. In 1560, the merchant Thomas Gresham sought silk hose for Elizabeth I. He could not find them in Antwerp. Consequently, he sent her measurements to Spain to have 20 pairs made. In 1562, Sybil Penn gave the Queen a gift of knitted silk stockings. Later, a woman named Alice Montague supplied the Queen with silk stockings. These historical accounts show how much value was placed on fine silk hosiery.

The 20th century brought massive changes through chemical innovation. In 1939, the company DuPont introduced nylon.

KronenbergStockings
KronenbergStockings

This material was cheap, durable, and sheer. The demand was so high that Americans purchased up to 4 million pairs in a single day. However, World War II changed production. DuPont stopped making stockings to produce parachutes and airplane cords. This created a severe shortage and a black market. When production finally resumed, the high demand caused disturbances known as the nylon riots. This era marked a major turning point in how stockings were manufactured and consumed.

Stockings have also competed with other types of hosiery. In the 1940s and 1950s, a precursor to pantyhose appeared in film and theater. Actresses often had stockings sewn directly to their briefs. By 1959, the introduction of commercial pantyhose provided a major alternative. As dress hemlines rose, the use of traditional stockings declined. In 1970, U.S. sales of pantyhose exceeded stockings for the first time. While pantyhose remain the most sold type of hosiery, stockings are still used for specific aesthetic reasons. They allow for the use of lace, appliqué, and the exposure of the thigh.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:NMA.0028271, Fashion Photo by Erik Liljeroth 1954.jpg
NMA.0028271, Fashion Photo by Erik...
File:Stockings for sale in south korea - 2007-6-9.jpg
Stockings for sale in south korea - 2007-6-9.jpg
File:KronenbergStockings.JPG
KronenbergStockings.JPG
File:Garter belt.jpg
Garter belt.jpg
File:Legs in black stockings.jpg
Legs in black stockings.jpg
File:Fishnet stockings from below.jpg
Fishnet stockings from below.jpg
File:14 Strap Suspender Belt.jpg
14 Strap Suspender Belt.jpg
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