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Soup

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Soup is a primarily liquid food that serves as a fundamental source of nourishment.

Homemade minestrone
Homemade minestrone

It is generally prepared by cooking or combining meat or vegetables with stock, milk, or water. While many people think of soup as a single thing, it is actually a broad category for liquid savory dishes. This category includes many specific types, such as broth, bisque, consommé, bouillon, and potage. The consistency of these dishes can vary greatly. Some soups are light and delicate, while others are so thick they verge on being stews.

Modongo soup
Modongo soup

Even the boundaries between these foods can be blurry. For example, many consider Hungarian goulash a stew, but in Hungary, it is regarded as a soup.

To understand how soup is made, one must look at how ingredients interact through heat. The process often begins with a base, such as water, milk, or a prepared stock.

Harira
Harira

Early versions of soup were simple, made primarily from grains and herbs. As cooking methods evolved, people began adding legumes, such as peas and beans, along with vegetables, pasta, meat, or fish. In some traditions, the relationship between bread and liquid is essential. The word "sop" originally referred to pieces of bread covered with savory liquid. This connection lives on today in croutons or in dishes like French onion soup, which features a slice of baguette and Gruyère floating on top.

Soupe à l'oignon
Soupe à l'oignon

Different regions have developed distinct styles of soup that reflect their local ingredients. In Japan, miso soup is a famous thick variety. It is made using a stock called dashi, which comes from kombu (edible seaweed) and dried fermented tuna. This is combined with miso, a paste made from fermented soybeans.

Dicey gazpacho
Dicey gazpacho

While Westerners often eat soup with a spoon, thin soups in China and Japan are sometimes treated as beverages to be drunk directly from a bowl. Other unique regional examples include Vietnam's pho, a beef and noodle soup, and the spicy lentil and tomato soups of India. In the Philippines, cooks often use sour ingredients like tamarind or guava to flavor their meat or fish soups.

History shows that soup has been a part of human life for thousands of years. Some researchers believe that soup-making dates back to the Upper Palaeolithic period, between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago. One theory suggests that Neanderthals may have created the first broth by boiling animal bones.

Bartolomeo2 restored
Bartolomeo2 restored

Archaeologists have found evidence of bone broths in sites ranging from Egypt to China. By the fourteenth century, the word "sop" was used in English to describe bread soaked in liquid. By the seventeenth century, the liquid itself became the most important part of the dish. In the eighteenth century, grand European dinners often featured soup as part of a massive first course that could include as many as four different types of soup at once.

Throughout history, soup has also served a vital social and charitable purpose. For many people in rural areas or during times of poverty, a substantial soup was often their entire meal.

Soyer's-soup-kitchen
Soyer's-soup-kitchen

This led to the creation of soup-kitchens, which provide food to those in need. In the sixteenth century, charitable soup-kitchens were already known in the Middle East. During the 1840s, the chef Alexis Soyer established a soup-kitchen in London to help impoverished silk weavers. He also set up a kitchen in Dublin during the Irish famine that could feed 1,000 people every hour. In the United States, soup-kitchens became common during the 1870s and again during the Great Depression.

Because soup is so versatile, it connects to many different aspects of human culture and science. It is a staple in nearly every cuisine on every continent. Some soups are so common they are known globally, such as chicken or oxtail soups. Others, like the Cantonese tradition of snake soup, remain specific to certain cultures. The way soup is served has even changed how people dine. In the early nineteenth century, the "Russian-style" service became fashionable in Europe. This style moved away from serving many dishes at once and instead served dishes one at a time, usually starting with soup. This helped establish the modern idea of soup as the opening course of a multi-course meal.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Soupe à l'oignon.jpg
Soupe à l'oignon.jpg
File:Bartolomeo2 restored.jpeg
Bartolomeo2 restored.jpeg
File:Soyer's-soup-kitchen.jpg
Soyer's-soup-kitchen.jpg
File:Harira.png
Harira.png
File:Modongo soup.jpg
Modongo soup.jpg
File:Homemade minestrone.jpg
Homemade minestrone.jpg
File:Dicey gazpacho.jpg
Dicey gazpacho.jpg
File:Joseph Campbell Company (3093577454).jpg
Joseph Campbell Company (3093577454).jpg
File:The-Mock-Turtle.jpg
The-Mock-Turtle.jpg
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