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Smiley

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A smiley is a simple ideogram representing a smiling face.

Smiley
Smiley

It serves as a universal symbol used in popular culture worldwide. People use it as a standalone image or as a form of communication. In digital spaces, these symbols are often called emoticons.

They help convey emotions within written text. This simple design allows people to share feelings quickly and clearly.

The construction of a smiley can vary in complexity. The most basic version consists of two dots for eyes and a curved line for a mouth.

smile
smile

More elaborate designs emerged during the 1950s and 1960s. These versions often include noses, eyebrows, and circular outlines. One famous design uses a bright yellow background with dark oval eyes. It also features creases at the sides of the mouth to show a full smile. Some early versions even featured a slightly crooked smile or a hand-drawn look.

There are several distinct types of smiley representations. The traditional ideogram is a graphic image used in art or advertising. The emoticon is a digital pictogram created using ASCII characters.

Codepage-437 (cropped)
Codepage-437 (cropped)

Scott Fahlman theorized in the 1980s that text characters could create these faces. This allowed users to express tone in digital messages. Today, these have evolved into the many colorful emoji icons used on smartphones. Another type is the commercial trademarked version used by large companies.

History shows that smiling motifs have appeared throughout human time. Archaeologists led by Nicolò Marchetti discovered the oldest known smiling face on a Hittite pot.

Smilies graffiti Tel Aviv
Smilies graffiti Tel Aviv

This artifact was found in Karkamış, Turkey, and dates to approximately 1700 BC. In the 1930s, American corporations like Chevrolet used happy faces in advertising. A man known as "Santa Claus Smith" also drew crude smiles on checks. He gave these checks to people who showed him small kindnesses. These early examples show how the smile motif has long been used to signal positivity.

The modern yellow and black smiley has a specific origin story. In late 1962, the New York radio station WMCA used a yellow and black design. They featured it on sweatshirts for their "Good Guys!" campaign. By 1963, over 11,000 of these sweatshirts had been distributed. In 1963, artist Harvey Ball was asked to design a smile for a "friendship campaign."

Authentic Worcester-made smiley face, Harvey Ball
Authentic Worcester-made smiley face, Harvey Ball

He completed the iconic design in only ten minutes. He was paid $45 for his work. This version became the most recognizable version of the symbol globally.

In 1971, the smiley became a massive commercial phenomenon. A widespread "smile face" fad occurred across the United States. Retailers stocked dozens of different products featuring the design. During this time, the brothers Bernard and Murray Spain produced over 50 million buttons.

Sabritas smiley face
Sabritas smiley face

In France, Franklin Loufrani trademarked a similar design in October 1971. He used the symbol to highlight positive news in the newspaper France-Soir. He eventually founded The Smiley Company to manage the design. This company grew into one of the top 100 licensing companies in the world.

The smiley connects to various fields like linguistics, branding, and digital technology. Etymologically, the word "smiley" likely began as a Scottish surname. It may have described a person with a cheerful nature. In modern communication, the smiley acts as a bridge in digital linguistics. It helps prevent misunderstandings in text-based conversations. In the world of branding, the symbol is used on everything from blue jeans to earrings.

London2012OlympicsSmileyBall
London2012OlympicsSmileyBall

It remains a powerful tool for global visual communication.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Smiley.svg
Smiley.svg
File:smile.png
smile.png
File:Authentic Worcester-made smiley face, Harvey Ball.jpg
Authentic Worcester-made smiley face,...
File:Codepage-437 (cropped).png
Codepage-437 (cropped).png
File:Sabritas smiley face.svg
Sabritas smiley face.svg
File:Watchmen-smiley.svg
Watchmen-smiley.svg
File:Smilies graffiti Tel Aviv.jpg
Smilies graffiti Tel Aviv.jpg
File:London2012OlympicsSmileyBall.png
London2012OlympicsSmileyBall.png
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