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Emoji

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An emoji is a small digital image used in electronic messages and web pages. These images can be pictograms, logograms, ideograms, or simple smileys.

Noto Color Emoji From Each Unicode Emoji Category
Noto Color Emoji From Each Unicode Emoji Category

Their primary role is to provide emotional cues that are often lost in typed text. They can also function as a logographic system, where a single symbol replaces a whole word. Because they add nuance to digital speech, they have become a massive part of global popular culture. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries even named "emoji" its word of the year.

To understand how they work, we must look at how computers handle symbols. Before modern emoji, people used emoticons. These are text-based symbols like :-) or :-(.

Codepage-437 (cropped)
Codepage-437 (cropped)

Computer scientist Scott Fahlman suggested these in 1982 to express emotion. Modern emoji evolved from this idea into actual graphics. Today, these graphics are part of the Unicode Standard. Unicode is an international standard for how computers represent text. When you send an emoji, you are actually sending a specific code. The receiving device reads that code and displays the correct image.

Emoji history is a complex timeline of different sets and creators. While many think emoji started in 1999, recent discoveries show earlier versions. In 2024, researchers found emoji sets on Sharp and NEC devices from the early 1990s. The 1988 Sharp PA-8500 actually contains what may be the earliest known emoji set.

Twemoji2 26a0
Twemoji2 26a0

Later, in 1997, SoftBank's J-Phone launched a set on the SkyWalker DP-211SW. This set included 90 monochrome, 12-by-12 pixel images. These depicted things like moon phases, weather, and even a "Pile of Poo." However, low sales meant this specific set was rarely used by the public.

One of the most influential creators was Shigetaka Kurita. In 1999, he created a set for NTT DoCoMo's i-mode mobile platform.

Twemoji2 1f004
Twemoji2 1f004

Kurita designed 176 brightly colored emoji. He drew inspiration from Japanese manga, Chinese characters, and weather pictograms. His work included facial expressions and general-use symbols like sports or actions. These designs were so significant that they are displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. While his set was famous, the yellow-faced emoji we use today actually evolved from other emoticon sets rather than his work.

As mobile technology grew, the need for a universal system became clear. In the early 2000s, different Japanese companies used different emoji sets. They did not collaborate to create one uniform standard. This made it difficult for users to communicate across different platforms. During this time, individuals like Nicolas Loufrani also contributed. He created "The Smiley Dictionary," which grew to include 887 smileys and 640 ASCII emotions by 2003.

Texting Emoji
Texting Emoji

His tools became popular plugins for online forums and instant messaging services like MSN Messenger.

Standardization arrived through the hard work of the Unicode Consortium. In 2007, Google began petitioning to make emoji a standard. Mark Davis and his colleagues, Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer, led this effort.

Twemoji2 2764
Twemoji2 2764

They wanted to ensure emoji worked across all devices. By 2010, Unicode accepted a proposal for 625 new characters. This helped bridge the gap between Japanese cellular formats and the rest of the world. Before this full integration, companies like Apple and Google used "Private Use Area" schemes to show emoji. Apple released its first color emoji for the iPhone in late 2008.

By October 2010, Unicode 6.0 was released with a standard set of 722 emoji. This allowed emoji to spread far beyond Japan.

Twemoji2 1f9d1
Twemoji2 1f9d1

Apple made its emoji keyboard available to users outside of Japan in 2011. The system continued to grow, such as when Unicode 7.0 added symbols from the Wingdings and Webdings fonts in 2014. This added roughly 250 more characters to the library. Today, emoji connect many different systems, from simple text messages to complex digital communication across the entire planet.

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🖼️ Images & Media (24)
File:Popular Emoji Groups Noto Color Emoji.svg
Popular Emoji Groups Noto Color Emoji.svg
File:Codepage-437 (cropped).png
Codepage-437 (cropped).png
File:Wingdings sample (cropped).png
Wingdings sample (cropped).png
File:Texting Emoji.jpg
Texting Emoji.jpg
File:I Love New York.svg
I Love New York.svg
File:Emoji_Minesweeper.png
Emoji_Minesweeper.png
File:Noto Color Emoji From Each Unicode Emoji Category.svg
Noto Color Emoji From Each Unicode Emoji...
File:DeepMoji examples histogram.png
DeepMoji examples histogram.png
File:Twemoji12 1fa78.svg
Twemoji12 1fa78.svg
File:Fluent Emoji Color 1f99f.svg
Fluent Emoji Color 1f99f.svg
File:Twemoji2 2139.svg
Twemoji2 2139.svg
File:Twemoji2 231b.svg
Twemoji2 231b.svg

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