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flip-flops

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Flip-flops are a type of light, sandal-like footwear designed for casual use.

Flip flops
Flip flops

They are defined by a flat sole and a Y-shaped strap known as a toe thong. This strap passes between the first and second toes and anchors on both sides of the foot.

Anatomy of Sandals
Anatomy of Sandals

The name "flip-flop" is likely an onomatopoeia. This means the name mimics the sound the sandals make while walking. Because they are easy to wear, they have become a global staple of summer fashion.

The construction of a modern flip-flop is quite straightforward. The design relies on three anchor points for the strap. One point is located between the big toe and the second toe. The strap then bifurcates, or splits, to attach to the sides of the sole.

Two-pluggers
Two-pluggers

While traditional versions used natural fibers, modern versions use various synthetic materials. These include rubber, foam, and plastics like PVC, EVA, or TPE. Some higher-end models use leather or suede. Because some materials like polyurethane are difficult to discard, some companies now use recycled rubber from bicycle tires or hemp.

Throughout history, different cultures have developed their own versions of toe sandals. Ancient Egyptian murals from 4,000 BC show people wearing them.

Egyptian - Pair of Leather Sandals - Walters 73110
Egyptian - Pair of Leather Sandals - Walters 73110

The materials used depended entirely on the local environment. Ancient Egyptians used papyrus and palm leaves. The Maasai people in Africa used rawhide. In China and Japan, makers used rice straw. In South America, people used sisal plant leaves, and in Mexico, they used the yucca plant. Even the Greeks and Romans wore them, though their strap placements varied.

The modern version of the flip-flop has a specific connection to the mid-20th century. After World War II, American soldiers returned from Japan with a design inspired by traditional zōri.

These sandals gained popularity in the United States during the postwar boom of the 1950s. By the 1960s, they became a symbol of the California beach lifestyle. They were marketed as casual accessories to be worn with shorts or bathing suits.

Today, flip-flops represent a massive global industry. In 1962, the Brazilian company Alpargatas S.A. began marketing Havaianas.

Flip fop vending machine
Flip fop vending machine

By 2019, this company was producing more than 200 million pairs per year. The market is diverse, with prices ranging from under $5 for basic models to over $50 for fashion versions. In 2006, flip-flop sales actually exceeded those of sneakers for the first time. This industry is so large that one company claimed the market was worth $20 billion in 2009.

Different regions around the world use unique names for this footwear. In Australia, they are called thongs or pluggers. In New Zealand, they are known as jandals.

Jandals for sale NZ op shop
Jandals for sale NZ op shop

In the Philippines, they are called tsinelas. In India, the term chappals is used, which traditionally referred to leather slippers. Some Slavic languages, such as Slovene and Croatian, use terms like japonke or japanke, which associate the shoes with Japan. In Russia, they are called vietnamki, meaning "Vietnamese."

While flip-flops are convenient, they have specific uses and limitations. They provide mild protection from hot sand, sharp rocks, or broken glass. However, they do not protect the feet from the sun, which can lead to sunburn. Walking for long periods can cause foot or ankle pain, or even tendonitis. The American Podiatric Medical Association advises against playing sports in them to avoid injuries like sprained ankles or fractures. In some cultures, they even feature in games, such as the Filipino game Tumbang preso, where players try to knock over a can using a thrown flip-flop.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Flip flops.jpg
Flip flops.jpg
File:Two-pluggers.jpg
Two-pluggers.jpg
File:Egyptian - Pair of Leather Sandals - Walters 73110.jpg
Egyptian - Pair of Leather Sandals -...
File:Granada Relocation Center, Amache, Colorado. Zori (straw sandals) and Geta (wooden clogs) made at G . . . - NARA - 539914.jpg
Granada Relocation Center, Amache,...
File:Flip fop vending machine.jpg
Flip fop vending machine.jpg
File:Anatomy of Sandals.svg
Anatomy of Sandals.svg
File:Gyoda Tabi 2020-11 ac (1).jpg
Gyoda Tabi 2020-11 ac (1).jpg
File:Jandals for sale NZ op shop.jpg
Jandals for sale NZ op shop.jpg
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