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Singapore River

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The Singapore River is a vital waterway located in the southern part of Singapore.

Singapore river in River Valley facing North-west
Singapore river in River Valley facing North-west

It flows parallel to Alexandra Road and eventually feeds into the Marina Reservoir. The river is approximately 3.2 kilometers long from its source at Kim Seng Bridge to its mouth at Marina Bay.

Aerial Panorama of Merlion Park and its surrounds
Aerial Panorama of Merlion Park and its surrounds

Beyond this, the water extends more than two kilometers as the Alexandra Canal. This canal reaches as far as the junction of Commonwealth Avenue. The river sits within the Singapore River Planning Area. This area is part of the Central Area in Singapore's Central Region.

The planning area is surrounded by several distinct districts. To the north lie the River Valley and Museum areas. The west is bordered by Tanglin and Bukit Merah. To the south sits Outram, while the Downtown Core lies to the east. The river's immediate surroundings are divided into three specific sections known as wharfs or quays. Robertson Quay is the largest and is located furthest upstream. Following this are Clarke Quay and Boat Quay.

River view at Clarke Quay (440639243)
River view at Clarke Quay (440639243)

These areas define the river's urban character today.

Historically, the river's mouth was the site of an ancient fishing village called Temasek. In 1299, a prince from Srivijaya named Sang Nila Utama landed at the estuary, known as Kuala Temasek. According to the Sejarah Melayu, or Malay Annals, the prince encountered a strange beast. He described a creature with a red body, a black head, and a white breast. He believed the animal was a lion. Because of this, he renamed the area Singapura, which means "Lion City" in Sanskrit.

Singapore river at River Valley. Facing South
Singapore river at River Valley. Facing South

Old maps suggest the river originally began at Bukit Larangan, which is now Fort Canning Hill.

From 1819, the river became a center for rapid urbanization and expanding trade. This growth led to heavy traffic and severe water pollution. Many industries located along the banks disposed of garbage, sewage, and other by-products into the water. Pollution also came from pig and duck farms, street hawkers, and vegetable wholesalers. Riverine activities like boat building, repairs, and transport added to the mess. In 1977, there were roughly 750 lighters plying the Singapore River and Kallang Basin. These boats caused oil spills and released wastewater, further damaging the ecosystem.

In 1977, Prime Minister Lee called for a massive clean-up of the Singapore and Kallang Rivers. This project was a major undertaking that cost the government $300 million. The government had to relocate about 4,000 squatters to public housing. Street hawkers and vegetable sellers were also moved to established hawker centres to stop waste from flowing into the river. Workers dredged foul-smelling mud from the river banks and the bottom. They cleared away all debris and rubbish to restore the water.

Singapore River at River Valley facing west
Singapore River at River Valley facing west

This effort fundamentally changed the river's health.

Since 2008, the Singapore River has been a freshwater river. This change occurred after the completion of the Marina Barrage at Marina South. The damming of the river at its outlet created the Marina Reservoir. This process also changed the river's geography. Originally, the mouth emptied into the Singapore Straits and southern islands. Now, it empties into the partially enclosed Marina Bay. The river's economic purpose has also shifted. It no longer serves as a primary hub for trade. Instead, it supports tourism and the aesthetics of the commercial zone.

Office Buildings Along Singapore River, March 2021
Office Buildings Along Singapore River, March 2021

Today, the river is a clean environment where monitor lizards and otters have re-emerged. Visitors can traverse the water using water taxis. The area is also home to many bridges and artistic sculptures. Between 1819 and 2015, 14 bridges were built across the river, though some sources suggest 17 including the reservoir area. Notable bridges include the historic Elgin Bridge and the modern Helix Bridge, built in 2010. Along the banks, sculptures like "First Generation" and "Fishing at Singapore River" depict early local life. These landmarks connect the modern city to its hardworking past.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Office Buildings Along Singapore River, March 2021.jpg
Office Buildings Along Singapore River,...
File:Singapore river in River Valley facing North-west.jpg
Singapore river in River Valley facing...
File:Singapore river at River Valley. Facing South.jpg
Singapore river at River Valley. Facing South.jpg
File:Singapore River at River Valley facing west.jpg
Singapore River at River Valley facing west.jpg
File:River view at Clarke Quay (440639243).jpg
River view at Clarke Quay (440639243).jpg
File:Aerial Panorama of Merlion Park and its surrounds.jpg
Aerial Panorama of Merlion Park and its...
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