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Singapore

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Singapore is an island country and a city-state located in Southeast Asia.

Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom
Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom

It sits about one degree of latitude north of the equator. The territory includes one main island and over 60 satellite islands or islets.

CIA World Factbook map of Singapore (English)
CIA World Factbook map of Singapore (English)

To the north, the country faces the Straits of Johor and the state of Johor in Malaysia. The west is bordered by the Strait of Malacca. To the south, the Singapore Strait lies near the Riau Islands of Indonesia. The South China Sea borders the east.

Location Singapore ASEAN
Location Singapore ASEAN

The name "Singapore" is an anglicization of the Malay name Singapura. This term comes from the Sanskrit words for "lion city."

Singapore Merlion
Singapore Merlion

Ancient records suggest the island was once known as Temasek. Some sources say Temasek means "Sea Town." In the 14th century, it was a trading port under the influence of the Majapahit Empire.

SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009
SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009

Legend says a 13th-century prince named Sang Nila Utama saw a beast he thought was a lion. This encounter led him to name the town Singapura. Other historical theories suggest the name might relate to a "Lion Throne" used by a ruler named Parameswara.

British influence changed the island's direction in 1819.

Stamford Raffles established the island as an entrepôt. An entrepôt is a trading post where goods are imported and exported. By 1824, the entire island became part of the British Empire. In 1826, it became part of the Straits Settlements. The population grew rapidly from about 1,000 people to over 80,000 by 1860.

Singapore 1865 SLNSW FL15083916
Singapore 1865 SLNSW FL15083916

During the 1890s, Singapore became a global center for sorting and exporting rubber.

World War II brought significant changes to the island. Japan occupied Singapore in 1942. The British built a massive naval base there before the war. This base included the largest dry dock in the world.

HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections
HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections

After Japan surrendered in 1945, the island returned to British control as a Crown colony.

Evacuation of British POWs, Kallang Airport, Singapore - 19450908
Evacuation of British POWs, Kallang Airport, Singapore - 19450908

Singapore gained self-governance in 1959. It joined the federation of Malaysia in 1963. However, ideological differences caused Singapore to be expelled from the federation in 1965. This year marked its birth as an independent sovereign country.

Despite having no natural resources, Singapore developed into one of the "Four Asian Tigers." This term describes economies that grew very quickly. Today, it is a highly developed nation with a very high GDP per capita. GDP per capita is a measure of economic output per person.

Marina Bay Sands 20250903 (1)
Marina Bay Sands 20250903 (1)

Singapore is a major hub for aviation, finance, and maritime shipping.

It is also known as a tax haven. It is one of the most expensive cities for foreign workers to live in.

Socially, Singapore ranks very high in many areas. It has high levels of education, healthcare, and personal safety.

Singapore Parliament House and Supreme Court 20220222 182616
Singapore Parliament House and Supreme Court 20220222 182616

The country has a high home-ownership rate and long life expectancies. It also has some of the fastest internet speeds in the world. The population is multicultural and recognizes four official languages. These are English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English serves as the common language for public services.

Singapore is organized into five distinct regions. It contains 55 planning areas and hundreds of subzones. Because many people live there, it has the third highest population density in the world.

To manage this, urban planning includes many green spaces. This has earned the country the nickname "Garden City."

Walk through Singapore Botanic Gardens-03 (15960226189)
Walk through Singapore Botanic Gardens-03 (15960226189)

The nation is a parliamentary republic. While it holds free elections, the People's Action Party has held political dominance since 1959. This has created a highly centralized governance structure. Singapore is also a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the United Nations.

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🖼️ Images & Media (37)
Majulah Singapura.ogg
File:Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg
Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia...
File:Location Singapore ASEAN.svg
Location Singapore ASEAN.svg
File:Letter from William Farquhar to Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam, the Sultan of Brunei, dated 28 November 1819.jpg
Letter from William Farquhar to Sultan...
File:Singapore 1865 SLNSW FL15083916.jpg
Singapore 1865 SLNSW FL15083916.jpg
File:HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections.jpg
HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections.jpg
File:Evacuation of British POWs, Kallang Airport, Singapore - 19450908.jpg
Evacuation of British POWs, Kallang...
File:Map of Singapore City in 1951.png
Map of Singapore City in 1951.png
File:SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009.jpg
SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009.jpg
File:Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore Making a Toast at a State Dinner Held in His Honor, 1975.jpg
Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore...
File:153 Singapore, Jan 1978 (52023517826).jpg
153 Singapore, Jan 1978 (52023517826).jpg
File:Marina Bay Sands 20250903 (1).jpg
Marina Bay Sands 20250903 (1).jpg

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