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Shiitake

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The shiitake is a special kind of mushroom.

It is native to East Asia and mainland Southeast Asia. People now grow and eat them all over the world. This mushroom belongs to a group called macrofungi. It has many different names in different places. Some people call it the black mushroom. Others call it the sawtooth oak mushroom.

These mushrooms grow in very specific ways. They grow in groups on decaying wood from deciduous trees. They like trees such as oak, maple, and beech. They also grow on chestnut, poplar, and mulberry trees. In nature, they love warm and moist climates. Farmers often grow them on hardwood logs like oak. They can also grow them on an artificial substrate. This is a man-made material used for growing.

People have been growing shiitake for a long time. The earliest written record is from the year 1209. It was found in the Records of Longquan County. A person named He Zhan wrote these records in China. In Japan, a book from 1796 described how to grow them. Long ago, people cut shii trees with axes. They put the logs near trees with mushroom spores.

Scientists have studied this mushroom for many years. Miles Joseph Berkeley first described it in 1877. He called it Agaricus edodes. Later, David Pegler moved it to the genus Lentinula in 1976. Shiitake provide about 25% of all mushrooms grown each year. They are very important for food around the world. Some special types are very prized. The flower mushroom has cracks that look like flowers.

Shiitake are a tasty part of many meals. In China, they go in soups and stir-fried dishes. In Japan, they are used in miso soup. They are mostly made of water. They also have protein and minerals. If you put them in sunlight, they make vitamin D2. This happens because of something called ergosterol. Always cook them well to stay safe. Cooking can stop an itchy skin rash.

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