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Shih Ming-teh

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Shih Ming-teh was a major statesman and human rights activist in Taiwan. He is widely remembered for his long struggle for democracy. Many people call him "Taiwan's Mandela." This title honors his long years of imprisonment and his fight for freedom. He was a key figure in the Tangwai movement. This movement consisted of activists who worked outside the only legal political party at the time.

Shih's political journey began with early arrests and long periods of confinement. In 1962, at age 21, he was arrested for his involvement in the Taiwan Independence League. The government accused him of trying to overthrow the Kuomintang. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. He served 15 years before being released in 1977. During his time in prison, he studied philosophy, history, and international law. He also suffered physical injuries, including spinal damage and the loss of his teeth.

After his first release, Shih became a leader in the Tangwai movement. He worked as a reporter for the Liberty Times. In 1979, he helped organize a pro-democracy rally in Kaohsiung. This event is known as the Kaohsiung Incident or the Meilitao Incident. The rally led to clashes between police and protesters. Following the incident, Shih attempted to escape. A dentist performed plastic surgery on him to change his appearance. However, he was caught and sentenced to life in prison for a second time.

Shih used hunger strikes as a powerful tool for political protest. In 1985, he began an indefinite hunger strike. He demanded an end to martial law and the release of political prisoners. He also protested against state-sponsored political murders. During his four and a half years of protest, he was force-fed through a nasogastric tube. In total, he spent 25 years in prison. This included 13 years in solitary confinement. In 1984, Polish leader Lech Wałęsa nominated him for the Nobel Peace Prize.

His second period of imprisonment ended in 1990. In 1987, President Chiang Ching-kuo lifted martial law. This was a period of strict government control that lasted 38 years. Although amnesty was offered, Shih remained in prison until May 20, 1990. He only accepted release after the trials from the Meilitao Incident were invalidated. This allowed him to be released as an innocent person. After his freedom, he joined the Democratic Progressive Party, which had grown from the Tangwai movement.

Shih had a significant career in Taiwan's new democracy. He was elected as a legislator on three different occasions. Between 1994 and 1996, he served as the Chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party. He also proposed a concept called "grand reconciliation" for Taiwan. In 2006, he led the "Million Voices Against Corruption" protest. This movement aimed to force President Chen Shui-bian to resign. Shih conducted a round-the-clock sit-in at the Taipei Railway Station to show his commitment.

Beyond politics, Shih worked to preserve the history of his country. He led the project to create the Meilitao Oral History Records. He collected oral testimonies from 200 individuals. These records totaled over 6 million words. The project resulted in a four-volume set of 600,000 words. This work is considered the most comprehensive research on Taiwan's development between 1970 and 1990. His dedication to documenting the truth helped shape how future generations understand Taiwan's path to democracy.

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