Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Lech Wałęsa

society Maturity 11-13 social justice Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: social_justice. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Lech Wałęsa is a Polish statesman and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He is most famous for leading the Solidarity movement in Poland. This movement helped end Communist rule in the country. Wałęsa also served as the President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. He was the first president elected by a popular vote in Poland since 1926.

Lech Wałęsa (2019), FORUM 2000, Prague (2)
Lech Wałęsa (2019), FORUM 2000, Prague (2)

Wałęsa began his career as a trained electrician. He started working at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk on July 12, 1967. The shipyard is now known as the Gdańsk Shipyard. While working there, he became interested in the concerns of other workers. He helped organize protests in 1970 when the government raised food prices. These protests were difficult and resulted in the deaths of over 30 workers. This event strengthened his belief that Poland needed political change.

Strajk sierpniowy w Stoczni Gdańskiej im. Lenina 22
Strajk sierpniowy w Stoczni Gdańskiej im. Lenina 22

His activism often led to trouble with the government. In 1976, he was fired from the shipyard for his involvement in illegal unions. The secret police placed him under constant surveillance and bugged his home. He was arrested several times during the following years. Despite this, he continued to work with groups like the Workers' Defence Committee. In August 1980, a new rise in food prices caused a strike at the Lenin Shipyard. Wałęsa climbed over the shipyard fence to join the strikers.

Lech Walesa Signature
Lech Walesa Signature

During the 1980 strike, Wałęsa led the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee. This group coordinated workers at Gdańsk and 20 other plants. On August 31, 1980, he helped negotiate the Gdańsk Agreement with the government. He used an oversized pen to sign the document on television. This agreement allowed workers to form an independent trade union. This union was called Solidarity. It grew very quickly and eventually had over 10 million members. This represented more than a quarter of the entire population of Poland.

In December 1981, the government declared martial law in Poland. This action made the Solidarity union illegal. Wałęsa was arrested and held in custody for 11 months. During this time, he remained a symbol of the movement. In 1983, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Because he feared the government would not let him return to Poland, his wife Danuta accepted it for him.

Wałęsa remained active in the underground movement throughout the 1980s. In 1989, he helped lead the Round Table Negotiations. These talks were held between the government and non-governmental leaders from February to April. The negotiations resulted in the re-establishment of the Solidarity trade union. They also led to semi-free parliamentary elections in June 1989. Solidarity won all the seats in the Sejm that were open to free elections. This helped create the first non-Communist coalition government in the Soviet Bloc.

Lech Wałęsa 1996
Lech Wałęsa 1996

In 1990, Wałęsa ran for the office of president. He used the slogan, "I don't want to, but I have to." He won the election on December 9, 1990. As president, he managed Poland's transition from state socialism to a market-based liberal democracy. This transition included the Balcerowicz Plan to move toward a free-market economy. His presidency ended in 1995 after he lost the reelection.

Flag of the President of Poland
Flag of the President of Poland

Throughout his life, Wałęsa has received many international honors. He was named the Time Person of the Year in 1981. He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from the United States. He was the first foreign non-head of state to speak before a joint meeting of the U.S. Congress. Since 2004, the Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport has carried his name. His legacy is tied to the democratic changes that shaped modern Poland.

Defense.gov photo essay 110524-D-XH843-007
Defense.gov photo essay 110524-D-XH843-007
594 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Flag of the President of Poland.svg
Flag of the President of Poland.svg
File:Approval ratings of Lech Wałęsa (moving average).svg
Approval ratings of Lech Wałęsa (moving...
File:Syndicalism.svg
Syndicalism.svg
File:Lech Walesa Signature.svg
Lech Walesa Signature.svg
File:Stakingsleider Lech Walesa deelt handtekeningen uit, Bestanddeelnr 253-8300.jpg
Stakingsleider Lech Walesa deelt...
File:Defense.gov photo essay 110524-D-XH843-007.jpg
Defense.gov photo essay 110524-D-XH843-007.jpg
File:Lech Walesa speech at Legislative Yuan (1996) 05.jpg
Lech Walesa speech at Legislative Yuan...
File:Lech Wałęsa, Łódź VIII European Economic Forum, October 2015 02.jpg
Lech Wałęsa, Łódź VIII European Economic...
File:President Bush meets privately with Solidarity Leader Lech Walesa of Poland in the residence - NARA - 186403.jpg
President Bush meets privately with...
File:PL Wałęsa movie premiere.jpg
PL Wałęsa movie premiere.jpg
File:Lech Wałęsa 1996.jpg
Lech Wałęsa 1996.jpg
File:Lech Wałęsa (2019), FORUM 2000, Prague (2).jpg
Lech Wałęsa (2019), FORUM 2000, Prague (2).jpg

+ 6 more

More to explore

🔗 What's this?

Concepts mentioned in this article

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.