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Seven Sisters (colleges)

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The Seven Sisters refers to a group of seven private liberal arts colleges. These institutions are located in the Northeastern United States. Historically, they served as women's colleges of higher education. They were created in the 19th century to provide women with high-quality education. This education was meant to be comparable to the Ivy League colleges for men. The name is a reference to the Pleiades from Greek mythology. The Pleiades are seven goddesses who were immortalized as stars in the sky.

These colleges were founded to offer educational opportunities equal to those for men. They focused on the liberal arts, which is a broad range of academic subjects. Many early leaders helped shape this movement. Mary Lyon founded Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in 1837. This school eventually became Mount Holyoke College. Other pioneers included Sarah Pierce and Catharine Beecher. These women worked to create spaces where women could study deeply. They also provided opportunities for female faculty and administrators to lead in academia.

The formal group of Seven Sisters began to form through cooperation. In 1915, Henry Noble MacCracken, the president of Vassar College, called for collaboration. He worked with Wellesley, Smith, and Mount Holyoke. He wanted to improve the quality of life for the human family. He believed women should have an equal footing in a democracy. In 1926, the group became more formal. Bryn Mawr, Barnard, and Radcliffe were added to the association. This was when the name "Seven Sisters" was officially adopted.

A primary goal for the group was addressing financial inequality. They needed to raise endowments, which are large sums of money donated to an institution. Higher endowments allowed them to increase faculty salaries. They wanted these salaries to approach those at elite men's colleges. The colleges used coordinated fundraising and public awareness to reach these goals. They also held meetings to exchange ideas. They discussed undergraduate culture, governance, religion, and leisure. These collaborations continued through 1935 and persist today through the Seven College Conference.

The membership of the Seven Sisters has changed over time. Five of the original schools remain women's colleges. These are Barnard College, Bryn Mawr College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and Wellesley College. Vassar College became coeducational in 1969. Coeducational means the school accepts both men and women. Radcliffe College underwent a different change. Its undergraduate functions were absorbed by Harvard College during a merger in 1999. Today, the Harvard Radcliffe Institute continues the legacy of studying women and society.

Each college has a unique relationship with nearby institutions. In Massachusetts, Mount Holyoke and Smith are part of the Five College Consortium. Wellesley College is part of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education. It also allows students to cross-register at MIT and Brandeis University. In New York, Barnard College is affiliated with Columbia University. It is financially and legally separate from Columbia, but students earn degrees from both. Columbia College, the men's school, began admitting women in 1983. In Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr is part of the Tri-College Consortium with Haverford and Swarthmore.

The financial scale of these institutions is quite large. As of 2021, Wellesley College had an endowment of $3.23 billion. Smith College held $2.56 billion. Vassar College had $1.38 billion. Mount Holyoke College had $1.07 billion. Bryn Mawr College had $1.18 billion. Barnard College had an endowment of $0.46 billion. These significant resources help support their academic missions.

In recent years, the colleges have addressed modern social changes. Since the late 2000s, there has been discussion regarding transgender inclusion. This involves how to accommodate students who transition or applicants who are trans women. Mount Holyoke became the first Seven Sisters college to accept transgender women in 2014. Other schools like Barnard, Bryn Mawr, Smith, and Wellesley have also engaged in these discussions. These conversations show how the colleges continue to evolve while maintaining their historical identity.

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