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Seenu Atoll

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Seenu Atoll is a significant geographical feature in the Maldives. It is also known by its historical name, Addu Atoll. This atoll is located at the southernmost part of the country. Along with Fuvahmulah, it extends the Maldives into the Southern Hemisphere.

Seenu atoll
Seenu atoll

The atoll sits 540 km south of Malé, which is the capital city. It is the home of Addu City, one of the four cities in the Maldives. This city includes several inhabited natural islands. These include Hulhudhoo, Meedhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo, and Hithadhoo. The island of Gan is also part of the atoll and hosts the Gan International Airport.

The geography of the atoll is quite unique compared to other Maldivian atolls. It contains a lagoon that serves as a natural anchorage for sea vessels. This lagoon is accessible through four specific natural channels. In the north, you will find the Kuda channel and the nearby Maa channel. The south features the Gan channel. To the southeast, there is the broad Villingili channel.

Seenu atoll
Seenu atoll

These channels create a natural harbour. This harbour remains calm and safe at all times. It is not affected by seasonal changes. Barrier reefs protect the islands from high waves and storms from the Indian Ocean.

Many different types of land and plants exist within the atoll. Coconut palms, the national tree, grow almost everywhere on the islands. The landscape also includes small lakes and various wetlands. You can also find marshy taro fields, which are unique to this atoll. The atoll contains many islands. Some are inhabited, while many others are uninhabited. Uninhabited islands include names like Aboohera, Bodu, and Dhigihera. Some of these locations, such as Villingili, host resorts.

The history of the atoll is reflected in its very name. In the local language, "ah" means eight and "dhoo" means island. This name likely refers to the eight traditionally inhabited islands. These were Hithadhoo, Maradhoo, Maradhoo-Feydhoo, Feydhoo, Gan, Hulhudhoo, Hulhu-Meedhoo, and Meedhoo.

Seenu atoll
Seenu atoll

The island of Meedhoo is especially important. It contains some of the earliest known settlements in the country. During the Second World War, the atoll held great strategic value. The British established a secret Royal Navy base there called HMS Haitan. They used the deep anchorage and sheltered harbour for this purpose.

During the war, the British built oil tanks and storage facilities on Gan. They also constructed an airstrip and a flying boat base there. This base remained unknown to the Axis powers during the early years of the war. In 1957, the base was transferred to the Royal Air Force. It became known as RAF Gan. The base remained active until it closed in 1976. Today, that same location serves as the Gan International Airport. This transition shows how the island's use has changed over many decades.

The biology of the atoll is exceptionally rich and diverse. The cosmopolitan white tern, or "dhondheeni," is a symbol of the islands. This bird is found only on Addu Atoll within the Maldives. The waters also possess a rich fauna of whales and dolphins.

Seenu atoll
Seenu atoll

The coral reefs are also very significant. Addu Atoll was the only area in the Maldives not affected by the 1998 global coral bleaching. This happened because the south was spared from the warm ocean currents of El Niño. The healthy corals start at the top of giris and thilas. These are underwater features located about 1 meter below the surface. The reefs then slope down to greater depths.

Language and culture also provide unique insights into the atoll. The local spoken dialect is the Addu dialect. It is somewhat different from the official Dhivehi language. Historically, this dialect was used by the educated masses in three southern atolls. It served as a lingua franca, or a common language, for those people.

Seenu atoll
Seenu atoll

When the United Suvadive Republic was declared, the Malé dialect was used for official letters. However, the written version of the language remains common throughout the Maldives. The social structure has also seen changes. In the past, the society may have been matrilineal, meaning inheritance followed the female line. While it is more of a man's world today, there was a recent period where women were the primary breadwinners.

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