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Scott Kelly (astronaut)

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Scott Joseph Kelly is a retired American engineer, naval aviator, and astronaut.

Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko
Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko

He is widely recognized for his extensive career in both the United States Navy and NASA. Kelly's work has contributed significantly to our understanding of spaceflight and orbital operations. His career includes commanding the International Space Station (ISS) during several expeditions. He also participated in a landmark year-long mission to study human health in space.

Mark and Scott Kelly at the Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas
Mark and Scott Kelly at the Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas

His brother, Mark Kelly, is also a retired astronaut and a U.S. senator. Together, the Kelly brothers were the first relatives ever selected as NASA astronauts.

Before reaching space, Kelly built a strong foundation in engineering and aviation. He was born on February 21, 1964, in Orange, New Jersey. He attended the State University of New York Maritime College. There, he earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree in electrical engineering in 1987. He later obtained a Master of Science degree in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee.

U.S. Navy Astronaut insignia
U.S. Navy Astronaut insignia

His early interest in flight was inspired by reading the book "The Right Stuff." This passion led him to join the Navy, where he became a highly skilled pilot. He eventually graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1994.

Kelly's naval career lasted for 25 years before he retired in 2012. As a naval aviator, he flew more than 40 different types of aircraft. He recorded over 8,000 flight hours and completed more than 250 carrier landings.

Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon
Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon

He flew powerful jets like the F-14 Tomcat and the A-4 Skyhawk. During his time at the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, he worked on important safety systems. He helped develop a digital flight control system for the F-14. This technology was designed to improve aircraft stability and safety. His work in testing and investigation helped advance naval aviation technology.

In 1996, Kelly was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA. He began intensive training at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.

STS-103 Patch
STS-103 Patch

His first mission was STS-103 in December 1999. As a pilot on the Space Shuttle Discovery, he helped service the Hubble Space Telescope. This mission involved three extravehicular activities, or EVAs, to replace parts. An EVA is a spacewalk where astronauts work outside the spacecraft. Later, in August 2007, he commanded the STS-118 mission aboard the shuttle Endeavour. This mission added essential components like a truss segment to the ISS.

STS-118 patch new
STS-118 patch new

Kelly's leadership roles on the ISS were extensive and varied. He arrived at the station on October 9, 2010, aboard the Soyuz TMA-01M. He served as a flight engineer before becoming the station commander for Expedition 26.

ISS Expedition 26 Patch
ISS Expedition 26 Patch

During his time on the station, he supported many scientific experiments. These included research on water-recycling machines and how plants grow in microgravity. Microgravity is the condition of near weightlessness experienced in orbit. He also worked in extreme environments through the NEEMO missions. These missions used underwater laboratories like Aquarius to simulate space conditions.

ISS Expedition 44 Patch
ISS Expedition 44 Patch

One of Kelly's most significant achievements was his year-long mission in space.

ISS Yearlong mission patch
ISS Yearlong mission patch

In March 2015, he launched aboard the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft. He traveled to the ISS with Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko. The primary goal was to study the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body. They investigated how fluids shift within the body due to weightlessness. They also studied how microgravity affects eyesight.

Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko
Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko

This research is vital for planning future long-distance space travel. The mission concluded on March 1, 2016, after a full year in orbit.

Kelly's career connects many different fields of science and service. His background in electrical engineering aided his work with spacecraft systems. His naval training provided the discipline required for complex orbital maneuvers. His research on the ISS provides data for doctors and biologists. This data helps scientists understand how to keep humans healthy during deep space exploration.

Astronaut Scott Kelly and President Barack Obama
Astronaut Scott Kelly and President Barack Obama

Through his many roles, Kelly has helped bridge the gap between Earth and the stars.

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🖼️ Images & Media (28)
File:STS-103 Patch.svg
STS-103 Patch.svg
File:STS-118 patch new.svg
STS-118 patch new.svg
File:ISS Expedition 25 Patch.png
ISS Expedition 25 Patch.png
File:ISS Expedition 26 Patch.png
ISS Expedition 26 Patch.png
File:ISS Yearlong mission patch.png
ISS Yearlong mission patch.png
File:ISS Expedition 43 Patch.svg
ISS Expedition 43 Patch.svg
File:ISS Expedition 44 Patch.svg
ISS Expedition 44 Patch.svg
File:ISS Expedition 45 Patch.png
ISS Expedition 45 Patch.png
File:ISS Expedition 46 Patch.svg
ISS Expedition 46 Patch.svg
File:Mark and Scott Kelly at the Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas.jpg
Mark and Scott Kelly at the Johnson Space...
File:Scott Kelly Landing Prep.jpg
Scott Kelly Landing Prep.jpg
File:STS-118 crew lr.jpg
STS-118 crew lr.jpg

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