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Story Musgrave

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Franklin Story Musgrave is a retired NASA astronaut and an American physician. He holds a unique place in the history of space exploration. Musgrave is the only astronaut to have flown aboard all five of the Space Shuttle vehicles. He was also one of only two astronauts to fly six different spaceflights. His academic background is exceptionally deep for an explorer. He holds six different academic degrees, making him one of the most formally educated astronauts ever.

Musgrave's journey to the stars began with a diverse military and academic career. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1953. During his service, he worked as an aviation electrician and an aircraft crew chief. He completed his high school equivalency through a GED while serving in the Marines. Following his discharge, he began a long series of studies. He earned a Bachelor of Science in mathematics and statistics from Syracuse University in 1958. He later earned a Master of Business Administration from UCLA and a Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from Marietta College. In 1964, he earned his Doctor of Medicine from Columbia University.

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Sts-6-patch

His medical expertise became vital to NASA's mission goals. After medical school, he served as a surgical intern and a postdoctoral fellow. He researched cardiovascular and exercise physiology, which is the study of how the heart and body move. This knowledge helped him when he was selected as a scientist-astronaut in August 1967. Musgrave worked on the design of the Skylab Program and helped develop extra-vehicular activity (EVA) equipment. EVA refers to activities performed by astronauts outside of a spacecraft, such as spacewalks. He helped design spacesuits, airlocks, and life support systems to keep humans safe in the vacuum of space.

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Sts-51-f-patch

Musgrave completed six distinct space missions, each with different scientific goals. His first flight was STS-6 in 1983 aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger. During this mission, he performed the first spacewalk ever conducted from a Space Shuttle. He later flew on STS-51-F, which was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission. He also flew on STS-33, a classified mission for the United States Department of Defense. On STS-44, he participated in medical tests designed to support longer human stays in space. Each mission required him to use his specialized training in engineering and medicine.

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Sts-33-patch

One of his most famous missions was STS-61 in 1993. This was the first servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope. The crew had to rendezvous with and capture the telescope using the shuttle. Musgrave performed three spacewalks during this 11-day flight to help restore the telescope's capabilities. This made him the first astronaut-physician to perform spacewalks on two different missions.

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Sts-61-patch

His final mission was STS-80 in 1996. During this flight, the crew deployed the Wake Shield Facility and the ORFEUS satellites. The Wake Shield Facility created a super vacuum to help grow thin film wafers for electronics. On this mission, Musgrave recorded plasma streams over the orbiter's hull using a handheld camera. He remains the only astronaut to have seen these plasma streams first-hand.

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Sts-80-patch

Musgrave's experience in flight extends far beyond the Space Shuttle. He has flown 17,700 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft. This includes 7,500 hours specifically in jet aircraft. He is also an expert parachutist. He has completed more than 800 free falls. Over 100 of these were experimental descents used to study human aerodynamics. Aerodynamics is the study of how air moves around objects. These high-altitude jumps provided valuable data for understanding how humans behave in different air environments.

Throughout his life, Musgrave has connected many different fields of study. His work bridges the gap between medicine, engineering, and space exploration. He has written or co-authored twenty-five scientific papers. These papers cover topics like aerospace medicine, temperature regulation, and clinical surgery. Even after retiring from NASA in 1997, he remains a consultant for groups like Disney's Imagineering. His career shows how specialized knowledge in one area, like medicine, can become essential for the success of an entirely different field, like space travel.

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