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Sari

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The sari is a draped garment worn by women throughout the Indian subcontinent. It is a staple of ethnic clothing in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

This garment is much more than simple clothing; it is a symbol of cultural identity and formal elegance. While it is worn for everyday activities, it is also considered essential formal attire for special occasions. The sari serves as a versatile expression of regional heritage, skill, and artistry.

A sari consists of a single, un-stitched stretch of woven fabric.

Women entertaining couple, Deccan, 1591 CE
Women entertaining couple, Deccan, 1591 CE

The length of the cloth typically ranges from 4.5 to 9 yards, or about 4.1 to 8.2 meters. The breadth usually measures between 24 and 47 inches. To wear it, one end of the fabric is attached to the waist. The other end is draped over a shoulder, acting as a stole. This arrangement often leaves the midriff partially visible. The garment is worn alongside two other pieces: a fitted bodice called a choli and a petticoat, also known as an inskirt.

WLA haa Gold belt Tamil Oddiyanam 3
WLA haa Gold belt Tamil Oddiyanam 3

There are many ways to arrange the fabric, with over 80 recorded styles of draping.

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

The most common method is the Nivi style. This style is believed to have originated in the Karnataka (Mysore) and western Maharashtra regions. Because of the variety of drapes, different lengths and forms of fabric may be required for specific styles. In fact, the textile scholar Rta Kapur Chishti has documented 108 different ways to wear a sari across fourteen Indian states. These include regions like Gujarat, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh.

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

The history of sari-like drapery traces back to ancient India between 2800 and 1800 BCE.

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

Cotton cultivation and weaving began in the northwestern Indian subcontinent around the 5th millennium BCE. Silk weaving followed much later, appearing around 2450 to 2000 BCE. The word "sari" itself is derived from the Sanskrit word for a "strip of cloth."

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

Ancient Sanskrit and Buddhist literature, such as the Jatakas, describe women wearing this type of attire. Over centuries, the modern sari evolved from a three-piece ensemble. This original set included the antariya (a lower garment), the uttariya (a shoulder veil), and the stanapatta (a chestband).

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

As the garment evolved, its components changed into the pieces we recognize today. The antariya, which was often passed through the legs like a dhoti, eventually transitioned into various skirt forms. The uttariya, a shawl-like veil, evolved into the modern dupatta or ghoonghat.

Styles of Sari
Styles of Sari

The stanapatta, or tight-fitting breast band, evolved into the choli by the 1st century CE. In some regions, such as Kerala, the two-piece mundum neryathum survived as a way to wear a dhoti and a shawl together. This demonstrates how regional styles preserved ancient traditions through different eras.

Saris are highly valued for their incredible variety of materials and decorations.

'Sari' from Varanasi (north-central India), silk and gold-wrapped silk yarn with supplementary weft brocade
'Sari' from Varanasi (north-central India), silk and gold-wrapped silk yarn with supplementary weft brocade

For weddings, red is the most favored color for Hindu brides.

Bride of Bangladesh (06)
Bride of Bangladesh (06)

Many prestigious silk saris are sought after for festive occasions, such as the Banarasi, Kanchipuram, and Mysore silk varieties.

Mysore Silk Saree
Mysore Silk Saree

Artisans use diverse techniques to create these textiles. Some use ikat or block-printing, while others use complex embroidery like gota patti.

Whitechapel dresses 1
Whitechapel dresses 1

Even the colors have deep roots, using natural dyes like indigo, lac, red madder, and turmeric.

Bandhej
Bandhej

The sari remains a living connection between ancient history and modern fashion.

Aishwarya bachchan
Aishwarya bachchan

While traditional handloom silks and cottons remain essential, modern fabrics like polyester, georgette, and charmeuse are now commonly used. The garment continues to adapt to new technologies and tastes while maintaining its core identity. Whether it is a simple cotton wrap for daily work or a gold-wrapped silk brocade for a ceremony, the sari remains a central part of life in South Asia.

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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Maharani Vijaya Raje Scindia of Gwalior, ca.1940.jpg
Maharani Vijaya Raje Scindia of Gwalior,...
File:Styles of Sari.jpg
Styles of Sari.jpg
File:Women entertaining couple, Deccan, 1591 CE.jpg
Women entertaining couple, Deccan, 1591 CE.jpg
File:Bride of Bangladesh (06).jpg
Bride of Bangladesh (06).jpg
File:Ceylon India 1880.jpg
Ceylon India 1880.jpg
File:Teej.jpg
Teej.jpg
File:BushraAnsariLuxStyleAwards.jpg
BushraAnsariLuxStyleAwards.jpg
File:Whitechapel dresses 1.jpg
Whitechapel dresses 1.jpg
File:WLA haa Gold belt Tamil Oddiyanam 3.jpg
WLA haa Gold belt Tamil Oddiyanam 3.jpg
File:Aishwarya bachchan.jpg
Aishwarya bachchan.jpg
File:'Sari' from Varanasi (north-central India), silk and gold-wrapped silk yarn with supplementary weft brocade.jpg
'Sari' from Varanasi (north-central...
File:Bengal_saris_on_display.jpg
Bengal_saris_on_display.jpg

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