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Santa Catarina (state)

geography Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Santa Catarina is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It sits in the center of the country's Southern region.

Brazil Santa Catarina relief map
Brazil Santa Catarina relief map

The state is bordered by the state of Paraná to the north. To the south lies the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The Atlantic Ocean forms its eastern boundary. To the west, it meets the Argentine province of Misiones. The state covers an area approximately the size of Hungary. It ranks as the seventh smallest state in Brazil by area.

The physical landscape of Santa Catarina is notably rugged. It is one of the most mountainous states in Brazil. Specifically, 52% of the territory sits above 600 metres.

Itaimbezinho - Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra 32
Itaimbezinho - Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra 32

The relief consists of four distinct geomorphological units. These include the coastal lowland, the Serra do Mar, the Palaeozoic plateau, and the Basaltic plateau. The coastal lowlands are the lowest areas, often below 200 metres. In the north, these lowlands are wide and extend through river valleys. Toward the south, the coastal plain becomes narrower.

Climate in the state varies according to altitude and location.

Santa Catarina Köppen
Santa Catarina Köppen

The Köppen-Geiger classification system helps describe these patterns. The coastal lowlands and lower plateau areas have a humid subtropical climate, known as Cfa. This means they are generally warm and wet. The higher parts of the plateau feature an oceanic climate, known as Cfb. This climate is typically cooler. These different zones create a diverse environment for plants and animals.

The history of Santa Catarina is among the oldest in Brazil. It originally separated from the state of São Paulo in 1738. José da Silva Pais served as its first governor. The state was created to extend Portuguese control into southern Brazil. It is older than both Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. Initially, the land was home to the Carijós people of the Tupi-Guarani group. Later, the region saw waves of immigration from Europe. These included Azorean Portuguese, Italians, and Germans. African slaves and their descendants also helped shape the population.

Many different groups have influenced the culture and name of the state. The name likely comes from the island of Santa Catarina. Francisco Dias Velho is said to have named it around 1675. He built a chapel for Catherine of Alexandria on the island. Another theory credits the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot. He may have dedicated the island to his wife, Catarina Medrano, around 1526. The term "Green-Belly" refers to the native inhabitants. This name came from the waistcoats worn by Portuguese military soldiers. These troops fought in Rio Grande do Sul in 1753.

Today, Santa Catarina is known for its strong socioeconomic indicators. It has a population of 7.6 million people as of 2022. The state ranks tenth in population among Brazilian states. It has the third-highest Human Development Index (HDI) in the country. It also boasts the third-highest GDP per capita.

Criciumaanoitecer
Criciumaanoitecer

The state leads Brazil in life expectancy and public safety. It has the lowest rates of homicide, illiteracy, and poverty. Furthermore, it is the federative unit with the least economic inequality in Brazil.

The economy involves many different industries and activities.

Arroz 097
Arroz 097

Agriculture is a major part of life, such as rice plantations near Rio do Sul.

Parque Nacional de São Joaquim - Grão Pará 08
Parque Nacional de São Joaquim - Grão Pará 08

Cattle ranching and poultry farming are also common.

Avicultura em Santa Catarina
Avicultura em Santa Catarina

Industry is significant, with major headquarters like Perdigão and WEG.

Perdigão Agroindustrial
Perdigão Agroindustrial
WEG II, Asa leste
WEG II, Asa leste

The state also relies on maritime trade through the Port of Itajaí.

Tourism is another vital sector for the region.

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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:Brazil Santa Catarina relief map.png
Brazil Santa Catarina relief map.png
File:Santa Catarina Köppen.svg
Santa Catarina Köppen.svg
File:Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year in Santa Catarina, 2001-2024.png
Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year...
File:Itaimbezinho - Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra 32.JPG
Itaimbezinho - Parque Nacional Aparados...
File:SC DensidadePopulacional.svg
SC DensidadePopulacional.svg
File:Arroz 097.jpg
Arroz 097.jpg
File:Urubici-_Rio_dos_Bugres_(15822089323).jpg
Urubici-_Rio_dos_Bugres_(15822089323).jpg
File:Vista parcial centro Chapecó SC.png
Vista parcial centro Chapecó SC.png
File:Parque_Nacional_de_São_Joaquim_-_Grão_Pará_08.jpg
Parque_Nacional_de_São_Joaquim_-_Grão_Pará_08.jpg
File:Avicultura em Santa Catarina.JPG
Avicultura em Santa Catarina.JPG
File:Criciumaanoitecer.jpg
Criciumaanoitecer.jpg
File:Cia Hering 2019.jpg
Cia Hering 2019.jpg

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