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Bengkulu

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Bengkulu is a province located on the southwest coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Bengkulu Maps
Bengkulu Maps

It covers a total land area of 20,181.53 square kilometers. This size is comparable to the European country of Slovenia or the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The province is bordered by West Sumatra to the north and Jambi to the northeast. To the southeast, it meets Lampung, while South Sumatra lies to the east. The Indian Ocean forms its borders to the northwest, south, southwest, and west.

Bengkulu Governor Office
Bengkulu Governor Office

The province also includes offshore areas like Mega Island and Enggano Island.

The geography of Bengkulu is defined by diverse landscapes and a tropical climate. The western coastline stretches for 525 kilometers along the Indian Ocean. This western region consists of lowlands and hilly areas that are narrow and elongated. In contrast, the eastern part of the province is hilly with a plateau prone to erosion. The province sits on the western side of the Bukit Barisan mountains. The climate is classified as Af under the Köppen-Geiger system, meaning it is tropical. It receives high rainfall throughout the year, even during the driest months. The average annual temperature is 26.8 °C, and the average annual rainfall is 3,360 mm.

Rafflesia arnoldii Bengkulu 01
Rafflesia arnoldii Bengkulu 01

Bengkulu possesses several valuable natural resources. The land contains significant deposits of coal and gold. There are also large and potential geothermal resources, which is heat from inside the Earth. However, the province is considered less developed than other provinces on Sumatra. The region is also geologically active because it lies near the Sunda Fault. This location makes the province prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. For instance, a June 2000 earthquake near Enggano Island killed at least 100 people. A series of earthquakes in September 2007 also killed 13 people. Reports suggest the coast may face risks from undersea earthquakes in the coming decades.

The history of the region spans many centuries and different empires. In the 8th century, the Buddhist Srivijaya empire held influence over the area. Later, the Majapahit Empire and the Singosari Kingdom also had presence in the region. Before European arrival, the area consisted of small "kedatuan," or ethnic-based kingdoms. These included groups in Sungai Serut, Selebar, and Marau Riang. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to visit, followed by the Dutch in 1596. In 1685, the British East India Company established a pepper-trading center here. They built Fort Marlborough in 1714, which still stands today.

Front gate of Fort Marlborough, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 02
Front gate of Fort Marlborough, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 02
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een drietal Europese vrouwen gekleed in sarongs met op de achtergrond Fort Marlborough te Benkoelen TMnr 60042951
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een drietal Europese vrouwen gekleed in sarongs met op de achtergrond Fort Marlborough te Benkoelen TMnr 60042951

British influence lasted for approximately 140 years. During this time, the area was known as Bencoolen. Sir Stamford Raffles served as the Lieutenant-Governor from 1818 to 1824. He enacted reforms such as the abolition of slavery. The British eventually ceded Bengkulu to the Dutch through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. This was done in exchange for Malacca. The region remained part of the Dutch East Indies until the Japanese occupation during World War II. In the 1930s, Sukarno, the future first president of Indonesia, was imprisoned by the Dutch in Bengkulu.

Exile house of Sukarno, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 06
Exile house of Sukarno, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 06

Administratively, Bengkulu is divided into nine regencies and one independent city. Bengkulu City serves as the provincial capital. The province was officially formed on 18 November 1968. It was created by separating the historic Bencoolen Residency from South Sumatra. The population has grown significantly over recent decades. The 2010 Census recorded 1,715,518 inhabitants. By the 2020 Census, the population reached 2,010,670. The official estimate for mid-2024 is 2,115,631 people. The province ranks as the 28th largest by area and 26th largest by population in Indonesia.

The culture of Bengkulu is shaped by many different ethnic groups and religions. The Rejang people are the largest group, making up 60.4% of the population. The Javanese are the second largest group at approximately 24%. Other groups include the Lembak, Serawai, Pekal, Enggano, and Minangkabau. Religion is also diverse, though 97.69% of the population follows Islam. About 2% are Christian, while others include Hindus and Buddhists.

Masjid Agung
Masjid Agung
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oud krijgskostuum van Engganezen Enggano Benkoelen TMnr 10001783
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oud krijgskostuum van Engganezen Enggano Benkoelen TMnr 10001783

Many local languages belong to the Malayan group. Rejang is unique because it is a Bornean language spoken in Sumatra. This makes the linguistic landscape of Bengkulu very distinct within Indonesia.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Bengkulu Maps.jpg
Bengkulu Maps.jpg
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een drietal Europese vrouwen gekleed in sarongs met op de achtergrond Fort Marlborough te Benkoelen TMnr 60042951.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een drietal...
File:Front gate of Fort Marlborough, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 02.jpg
Front gate of Fort Marlborough, Bengkulu...
File:Exile house of Sukarno, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 06.jpg
Exile house of Sukarno, Bengkulu 2015-04-19 06.jpg
KITLV A210 - Zwaardvechters te Benkoelen,...
File:Rafflesia arnoldii Bengkulu 01.jpg
Rafflesia arnoldii Bengkulu 01.jpg
File:Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year in Bengkulu, 2001-2024.png
Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year...
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oud krijgskostuum van Engganezen Enggano Benkoelen TMnr 10001783.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oud krijgskostuum...
File:Masjid Agung.jpg
Masjid Agung.jpg
File:Bengkulu Governor Office.jpg
Bengkulu Governor Office.jpg
File:Stamps of Indonesia, 055-10.jpg
Stamps of Indonesia, 055-10.jpg
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