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Bengkulu (city)

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Bengkulu is the capital city of the Bengkulu province in Indonesia. It is located on the west coast of Sumatra island. The city sits directly facing the Indian Ocean. It also lies parallel to the Bukit Barisan mountain range. This city is the second largest on the west coast of Sumatra. Only the city of Padang is larger in this region. Bengkulu covers a total area of 151.70 square kilometers.

The geography of the region is shaped by its low elevation. Much of the land consists of swamps. The city experiences a tropical rainforest climate, known as Af. This means the area receives very heavy rainfall throughout the entire year. Because it sits near the Sunda Fault, the region is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. In June 2000, the Enggano earthquake killed at least 100 people. Another series of earthquakes occurred in September 2007 and killed 13 people. A recent report warns that undersea earthquakes could cause inundation along the coast.

Bengkulu has a complex administrative structure. At the 2010 Census, the city had eight districts, called kecamatan. A ninth district, Singaran Pati, was later formed from the Gading Cempaka District. The districts vary greatly in size and population. Selebar is a large district covering 46.36 square kilometers. Teluk Segara is much smaller, covering only 2.76 square kilometers. As of mid-2024, the total population was estimated at 397,321 people. This included 200,601 males and 196,720 females.

The history of the city began with European trade interests. The British East India Company founded Bengkulu in 1685. They named it Bencoolen and used it as a commercial center. The British wanted to control the spice trade in the Lampung region. In 1714, they built Fort Marlborough to protect their interests. However, the location was remote and pepper was hard to find. This made the trading center difficult to maintain financially. In 1824, the British ceded the area to the Dutch through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty.

Bengkulu also played a role in Indonesian political history. During the 1930s, the Dutch imprisoned Sukarno in this region. Sukarno later became the first president of Indonesia. He lived in exile in Bengkulu from 1939 to 1942. During this time, he met his future wife, Fatmawati. The city's history is reflected in its many heritage sites. Visitors can see Fort Marlborough, the Hamilton Monument, and the Thomas Parr Monument. The Jamik Mosque was also designed by Sukarno.

Cultural traditions in Bengkulu are very distinct. Every year during the Muslim month of Muharram, the city hosts the Tabot ceremony. This two-century-old ritual was started by artisans from Madras, India. They arrived to help build Fort Marlborough. The ceremony celebrates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein at the Battle of Karbala. It features grand processions with traditional songs and dances. The city also has a vibrant food culture. Many travelers visit special outlets to eat durian-processed treats. These include durian ice cream, durian toast, and durian pancakes.

Modern Bengkulu is well-connected to the rest of the world. The city is served by the Fatmawati Soekarno Airport. This airport has a single terminal for domestic and international flights. For sea travel, the Pulau Bai harbor serves international and inter-island routes. This harbor also provides access to Enggano Island via a ferry terminal. Inside the city, people use various types of transportation. These include taxis, angkot mini-vans, and ojek motorcycle taxis.

Bengkulu city square
Bengkulu city square

The city square provides a central space for the community. The map of the city shows how these different districts fit together.

Bengkulu city square
Bengkulu city square
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File:Bengkulu city square.jpg
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