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Banda Aceh

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Banda Aceh is the capital and largest city of Aceh province in Indonesia.

Kantô Walikota
Kantô Walikota

It sits on the northwestern tip of Sumatra. The city is located at the mouth of the Aceh River. To the north, it borders the Strait of Malacca. Most of the city is a semi-enclave. This means it is surrounded by the Aceh Besar Regency on three sides. The city covers an area of 61.36 square kilometers. As of the 2024 official estimate, the population was 265,310 people. This population includes 132,249 males and 133,061 females.

The city has a long history as a major trading hub. It sits in a strategic location in the eastern Indian Ocean. In 1292, Marco Polo visited the area. He called the place Lambri, which came from the Lamuri Kingdom. Later, in the mid-14th century, Ibn Battuta visited the city too. At that time, it was part of the Samudera Pasai kingdom. Eventually, the Sultanate of Aceh rose to power. Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah expanded the territory in the 1520s. He made the city his capital and named it Kutaraja, or "City of the King."

AMH-6875-KB View of Achin
AMH-6875-KB View of Achin

The name Banda Aceh has deep roots. The first part comes from the Persian word "Bandar." This means a port or a haven. Because of its location, people called it the "port to Mecca." This was because pilgrims traveling by sea to Mecca often stopped there. The city also faced many wars with foreign powers. These included the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the Japanese. In 1873, the Dutch declared war on Aceh. They bombarded the capital to try to force a surrender.

Spoorwegstation Kraton te Kota Radja, het huidige Banda Aceh, anoniem, 1870 - 1900 - Rijksmuseum
Spoorwegstation Kraton te Kota Radja, het huidige Banda Aceh, anoniem, 1870 - 1900 - Rijksmuseum

Banda Aceh experienced a massive natural disaster in 2004. On December 26, a 9.2-magnitude earthquake struck the Indian Ocean. This earthquake occurred off the western coast of Sumatra. The earthquake triggered a powerful tsunami. Banda Aceh was the closest major city to the epicenter. The disaster was devastating for the region. It killed approximately 60,000 people in the city alone. The tsunami destroyed more than 60% of the city's buildings.

US Navy 050106-N-4166B-024 An aerial view of Tsunami-stricken Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia
US Navy 050106-N-4166B-024 An aerial view of Tsunami-stricken Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia

Since the disaster, the city has changed significantly. International and domestic aid arrived to help with recovery. This led to major modernization and reconstruction over twenty years. Today, the city is divided into nine administrative districts. These include Meuraxa, Jaya Baru, Banda Raya, Baiturrahman, Lueng Bata, Kuta Alam, Kuta Raja, Syiah Kuala, and Ulee Kareng.

Foto malam hari di Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Banda Aceh; 2013
Foto malam hari di Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Banda Aceh; 2013

The districts are split by the Aceh River. Six districts are on the west bank. Three districts are on the east bank. Many suburbs have also grown into the adjacent Aceh Besar Regency.

Religion plays a major role in the city's culture. Most residents are Muslim. There are 93 mosques and 112 mushollas, which are places for Islamic prayer. However, other faiths are also present. There are Buddhists, Christians, and Hindus. The city has four long-standing churches. There are also Hindu temples, including the Palani Andawer Temple.

Kuil Hindu Banda Aceh
Kuil Hindu Banda Aceh

In this province, religious police enforce Islamic laws. The climate is a tropical rainforest climate. This means temperatures stay near-constant. The city has a wet season from October to December. The summer months from June to August are the driest.

Many landmarks define the look of the city. The Baiturrahman Grand Mosque is a famous site. It was originally built during the Sultanate of Iskandar Muda. It has seven domes and can hold 9,000 people.

Meuseujid Raya Baiturrahman
Meuseujid Raya Baiturrahman

Another site is the Gunongan Historical Park. Sultan Iskandar Muda built this as a private playground and bathing place. It was dedicated to his wife, Putroe Phang.

Gunongan Putroë Phang
Gunongan Putroë Phang

Visitors can also explore the Aceh Museum to learn about the local history.

Museum Aceh
Museum Aceh
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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:AMH-6875-KB View of Achin.jpg
AMH-6875-KB View of Achin.jpg
File:Spoorwegstation Kraton te Kota Radja, het huidige Banda Aceh, anoniem, 1870 - 1900 - Rijksmuseum.jpg
Spoorwegstation Kraton te Kota Radja, het...
File:US Navy 050106-N-4166B-024 An aerial view of Tsunami-stricken Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.jpg
US Navy 050106-N-4166B-024 An aerial view...
File:Kantô Walikota.JPG
Kantô Walikota.JPG
File:Meuseujid Raya Baiturrahman .jpg
Meuseujid Raya Baiturrahman .jpg
File:Gunongan_Putroë_Phang.JPG
Gunongan_Putroë_Phang.JPG
File:Peucut 3.JPG
Peucut 3.JPG
File:Museum_Aceh.JPG
Museum_Aceh.JPG
File:Kuil Hindu Banda Aceh.jpg
Kuil Hindu Banda Aceh.jpg
File:Foto malam hari di Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Banda Aceh; 2013.jpg
Foto malam hari di Jalan Teuku Nyak...
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