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Salva Kiir Mayardit

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Salva Kiir Mayardit is the President of South Sudan. He has held this position since the country became independent on July 9, 2011.

Salva Kiir-3, by Stein Ove Korneliussen
Salva Kiir-3, by Stein Ove Korneliussen

Before South Sudan was its own nation, Kiir served as the President of the Government of Southern Sudan. He also served as the First Vice President of Sudan from 2005 to 2011. His life has been shaped by decades of conflict and the struggle for self-rule. Today, he remains a central and controversial figure in African politics.

Kiir was born on September 13, 1951, in the village of Akon. He grew up in a pastoral Dinka family in Gogrial County. His father, Kuethpiny Thiik Atem, was a cattle herder from the Payum clan. His mother, Awiei Rou Wol Tong, was a farmer from the Payii clan. Kiir was the eighth of nine children in his family. His early life was rooted in the traditions of the Dinka people. This background provided the foundation for his later involvement in regional movements.

His military career began during the First Sudanese Civil War in 1967. At that time, he joined a rebel group known as the Anyanya. By 1972, he had risen to the rank of a low-ranking officer. When the Second Sudanese Civil War began in 1983, Kiir joined a new movement. This group was the Sudan People's Liberation Movement, or SPLM. He served in its armed wing, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).

Southsudan-army 11
Southsudan-army 11

He worked closely as a deputy to the leader, John Garang. In 1997, Kiir commanded troops during Operation Thunderbolt. This was a successful offensive that captured most of Western Equatoria.

Leadership changed significantly following the death of John Garang in 2005. Garang died in a helicopter crash on July 30, 2005. Following this loss, Kiir was chosen to succeed him in several roles. He became the President of the Southern Autonomous region and the First Vice President of Sudan. These roles were established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Kiir was popular among the military wing of the SPLM due to his loyalty. He helped guide the region through the final years before total independence.

President Salva Kiir Mayardit voting in southern Sudan referendum
President Salva Kiir Mayardit voting in southern Sudan referendum

The path to independence was decided by a major vote. In January 2011, South Sudan held an independence referendum. The results showed that 98.83% of voters wanted to split from the North. This overwhelming majority led to the official creation of South Sudan on July 9, 2011. Kiir was inaugurated as the nation's first president. In his first address, he called for forgiveness for past injustices. He also announced a general amnesty for former enemies of the SPLM.

However, Kiir's presidency has faced intense criticism from many sources. Human rights groups and former allies describe his leadership as a dictatorship. They point to his use of violence against political opposition figures. Critics also accuse him of kleptocracy, which is the use of power to steal a country's resources.

Welcome to the neighbourhood - Flickr - Al Jazeera English
Welcome to the neighbourhood - Flickr - Al Jazeera English

He has been accused of censoring the press to control information. In 2015, several journalists were murdered while traveling in a convoy. This occurred after Kiir made public threats against those who work in the media. These events have caused great concern for international observers.

Internal political struggles have also defined his time in office. In July 2013, Kiir dismissed his entire cabinet. This included his vice president, Riek Machar. This move led to significant political tension and accusations of a power grab. Kiir also reorganized the military and police leadership on a large scale. In early 2013, he retired 117 army generals. These actions were seen by many as attempts to consolidate his personal power.

Kiir's leadership also intersects with complex global and regional issues. He has met with world leaders, including US President Barack Obama and Russian leaders.

Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi (2019-10-24)
Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi (2019-10-24)

His government has dealt with border wars, such as the Heglig Crisis with Sudan. He has also managed relations with international bodies regarding sanctions and arms embargoes. The history of his presidency reflects the difficult process of building a new state. It shows how internal disputes and external pressures shape a nation's future.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Southsudan-army 11.png
Southsudan-army 11.png
File:Salva Kiir-3, by Stein Ove Korneliussen.jpg
Salva Kiir-3, by Stein Ove Korneliussen.jpg
File:Welcome to the neighbourhood - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
Welcome to the neighbourhood - Flickr -...
File:President Salva Kiir Mayardit voting in southern Sudan referendum.jpg
President Salva Kiir Mayardit voting in...
File:President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama greet His Excellency Salva Kiir Mayardit, President of the Republic of South Sudan.jpg
President Barack Obama and First Lady...
File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of South Sudan, Mr. Salva Kiir Mayardit, in New Delhi on October 30, 2015 (1).jpg
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi...
File:Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi (2019-10-24).jpg
Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi (2019-10-24).jpg
File:Salva Kiir Mayardit with George Bush November 15, 2007.jpg
Salva Kiir Mayardit with George Bush...
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