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Rook (chess)

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The rook is a very important piece in the game of chess. Each player starts their game with two rooks. You will find them sitting in the corners of your side of the board.

NMSLewisChessmen6
NMSLewisChessmen6

Because they are so strong, players call them major pieces or heavy pieces. This sets them apart from the minor pieces, which are the bishops and knights. Rooks are worth about five pawns in value. This makes them much stronger than a single bishop or knight.

Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812
Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812

Moving a rook is quite simple but very powerful. It can move any number of squares in a straight line. It moves either horizontally or vertically across the board. A rook cannot jump over other pieces in its path. If an enemy piece is in the way, the rook can capture it. To capture, you simply move your rook onto the square where the enemy piece stands.

Antique Indian Mughal Chess Rook Elephant
Antique Indian Mughal Chess Rook Elephant

Rooks also take part in a special move called castling. This is a move where the king and the rook move together.

Learning how to use rooks is a big part of chess strategy. In the beginning, rooks are often blocked by other pieces. Players try to connect their rooks by castling early in the game. Once they are free, they like to control open files. An open file is a path with no pawns in it. You can even put two rooks on the same line. This is called a battery, and it can be very deadly.

Arms of the Rookwood family of Stanningfield
Arms of the Rookwood family of Stanningfield

Some players even call rooks on the seventh rank "pigs on the seventh."

Rooks have a very long and interesting history. In the old game of shatranj, the rook represented a chariot. The Persian word for the piece actually means chariot. In modern times, some players call it an elephant. In East Asian games like xiangqi, the name also means chariot. In some languages, the name for the rook means a ship. This might be because of an old Arabic style of piece. In other places, the name means a tower or a turret.

Different cultures have shown the rook in many ways. In the British Museum, some old Lewis chessmen show rooks as fierce warriors. These pieces look like wild-eyed berserkers. In many Western countries, the rook looks like a small castle with a bumpy top. This top is called a crenellated turret. Some families even use the rook as a symbol in their heraldry. In Canadian heraldry, the rook is used to mark a fifth daughter.

NMSLewisChessmen6
NMSLewisChessmen6
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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Antique Indian Mughal Chess Rook Elephant.jpg
Antique Indian Mughal Chess Rook Elephant.jpg
File:Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg
Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-...
File:NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg
NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg
File:Arms of the Rookwood family of Stanningfield.png
Arms of the Rookwood family of Stanningfield.png
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