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Ramayana

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The Ramayana is a massive epic poem from ancient India.

Valmiki Ramayana
Valmiki Ramayana

Many people know it as the Valmiki Ramayana. It is one of the two most important epics in Hinduism. The other major epic is called the Mahabharata. This story belongs to a genre called Itihasa. This means it is a narrative of past events. These stories also include teachings on how to live a good life.

The marriage ceremony of Rama and Sita
The marriage ceremony of Rama and Sita

The poem tells the story of Prince Rama. He was a prince from the kingdom of Kosala. People believe he is the seventh avatar of the god Vishnu. The epic follows his many adventures and challenges.

The story begins with Rama's life in the city of Ayodhya.

The marriage ceremony of Rama and Sita
The marriage ceremony of Rama and Sita

Rama marries a woman named Sita after a great test. Later, his stepmother Kaikeyi asks the King to send Rama away. Rama must live in the forest for fourteen years. His wife Sita and his brother Lakshmana go with him. While they are in the forest, a king named Ravana kidnaps Sita. He takes her to his kingdom in Lanka. Rama must then find a way to save her.

Raja Ravi Varma, Jatayu vadha, 1906
Raja Ravi Varma, Jatayu vadha, 1906

This journey is full of many difficult tasks.

Scholars have studied when this great poem was first written. The exact date of the original writing is not known. However, experts estimate the earliest parts date back many centuries. Some think the oldest parts began between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE. Other stages of the text go up to the 3rd century CE. One scholar named Robert P. Goldman says the core parts are very old. He notes that the story does not mention Buddhism. This helps experts guess when the story was first told.

Sita at ashokavana
Sita at ashokavana

The text is a very old piece of history.

The Ramayana is one of the longest poems ever written. It contains nearly 24,000 shlokas, which are two-line verses. These verses are divided into seven main sections called books. These books have names like Balakanda and Uttarakanda. Some scholars think the first and last books were added later. The main story is a huge work of literature.

Battle at Lanka, Ramayana, Udaipur, 1649-53
Battle at Lanka, Ramayana, Udaipur, 1649-53

It has influenced many kinds of art and poetry. The poem is a very important part of many cultures.

This epic has spread far beyond the borders of India. Many different nations have their own versions of the story. For example, Thailand has a version called the Ramakien. Cambodia has a version known as the Reamker. There are also versions in Malay, Filipino, and Vietnamese.

The epic ramayana spread in thailand
The epic ramayana spread in thailand

These stories are used in many different ways. They appear in traditional dances and beautiful paintings. The characters help people think about being a good citizen. The story shows how to be a good son, brother, or king. It remains a very important part of life for many people.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Valmiki Ramayana.jpg
Valmiki Ramayana.jpg
File:The marriage ceremony of Rama and Sita.jpg
The marriage ceremony of Rama and Sita.jpg
File:Rama leaving for fourteen years of exile from Ayodhya.jpg
Rama leaving for fourteen years of exile...
File:Raja Ravi Varma, Jatayu vadha, 1906.jpg
Raja Ravi Varma, Jatayu vadha, 1906.jpg
File:Stone bas relief at Banteay Srei in Cambodia.jpg
Stone bas relief at Banteay Srei in Cambodia.jpg
File:Sita at ashokavana.jpg
Sita at ashokavana.jpg
File:Battle at Lanka, Ramayana, Udaipur, 1649-53.jpg
Battle at Lanka, Ramayana, Udaipur, 1649-53.jpg
File:Sita with children.jpg
Sita with children.jpg
File:The epic ramayana spread in thailand.jpg
The epic ramayana spread in thailand.jpg
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Reliëf op de aan Shiva gewijde tempel op de Candi Lara Jonggrang oftewel het Prambanan tempelcomplex TMnr 10016190.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Reliëf op de aan...
File:Balinese dance Legong in Ubud, Ramayana performance, 20220823 1916 0471.jpg
Balinese dance Legong in Ubud, Ramayana...
File:Ramayana Java.jpg
Ramayana Java.jpg

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