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Pommel horse

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The pommel horse is a specialized apparatus used in artistic gymnastics.

2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Men's Apparatus finals Pommel horse (Martin Rulsch) 080
2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Men's Apparatus finals Pommel horse (Martin Rulsch) 080

It is traditionally used by male gymnasts to demonstrate incredible balance and coordination. While many gymnastics events require immense muscle mass, the pommel horse emphasizes technique. Gymnasts perform their movements from a leaning position using their shoulders. Because they do not need to hold static positions, the stress on the arms is reduced. This makes the event more about fluid motion than raw strength. This distinguishes it from other events like the still rings or parallel bars.

Modern apparatus design has evolved significantly over time. Originally, these horses featured a metal frame with a wooden body and leather covering. Today, the structure consists of a metal body covered in foam rubber and leather. To assist the gymnast, the horse includes two plastic handles called pommels.

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12352, Ältestes Turnpferd
Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12352, Ältestes Turnpferd

The exact dimensions are regulated by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). They publish these measurements in the Apparatus Norms brochure. These standards ensure that every competition is fair for all athletes.

A typical routine is built from several distinct element groups. Gymnasts must include at least one skill from each group to satisfy the Code of Points. The first group involves single-leg swings and scissors. The second group focuses on circles and flares, which may include spindles or handstands.

2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Men's Apparatus finals Pommel horse (Martin Rulsch) 080
2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Men's Apparatus finals Pommel horse (Martin Rulsch) 080

The third group consists of travels, where the gymnast moves across the horse. Finally, every routine must conclude with a dismount. This often involves swinging the body over the horse or performing a handstand to land on a mat.

Movement on the horse involves complex circular patterns. While single-leg skills like scissors are common, double-leg workouts are the main staple. The gymnast swings both legs in a continuous circular motion. This motion can be performed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. To increase difficulty, athletes perform flares by straddling their legs. They may also perform spindles, which involve turning during the circling motion.

Alberto Braglia
Alberto Braglia

Some gymnasts perform travels by moving their hands between the pommels and the leather surface.

Strict rules govern the form and execution of these movements. The FIG guidelines require gymnasts to keep their feet pointed and legs straight throughout the routine. Generally, legs should remain together unless the gymnast is performing scissors, single-leg elements, or flares. In those specific cases, judges look for the degree of control during leg separation. Deductions occur if a gymnast hits the apparatus or pauses their movement. They also lose points if they fail to use all three sections of the horse.

The history of the pommel horse stretches back to the Roman era. The Romans used wooden horses to teach soldiers how to mount and dismount. They eventually integrated these tools into the ancient Olympic Games. In the early 19th century, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn developed the basic modern exercises. Jahn was the founder of the German Turnverein. His work helped shape the gymnastics we recognize today.

Many legendary athletes have achieved greatness on this apparatus. Max Whitlock of Great Britain is considered the most decorated pommel worker in history. He holds five global titles, including three World Championship gold medals. He also has three Olympic medals, two of which are gold.

Alberto Braglia
Alberto Braglia

Other legends include Miroslav Cerar, Zoltán Magyar, and Boris Shakhlin, who all won two Olympic gold medals. In the World Championships, athletes like Xiao Qin and Kristian Berki have also become major figures. These competitors demonstrate the extreme skill required to master the horse.

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File:2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics JWCH Men's Apparatus finals Pommel horse (Martin Rulsch) 080.jpg
2019-06-29 1st FIG Artistic Gymnastics...
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12352, Ältestes Turnpferd.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12352, Ältestes...
File:Alberto Braglia.jpg
Alberto Braglia.jpg
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