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American football

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American football, often called gridiron football, is a strategic team sport. It is played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field.

Edward Jones Dome endzone view
Edward Jones Dome endzone view

At each end of the field, there are goalposts. One team acts as the offense, holding an oval-shaped ball. They attempt to advance toward the opponent's end zone. The other team acts as the defense. Their goal is to stop the offense and take control of the ball.

43BaseDefense
43BaseDefense

The game functions through a specific system of plays called downs. The offense must advance the ball at least ten yards within four downs. If they succeed, they earn a new set of four downs to continue their drive.

First down marker
First down marker

If they fail to reach the ten-yard mark, the ball is turned over to the defense. Points are scored primarily through two methods. A touchdown occurs when a player carries the ball into the opposing end zone. A field goal is scored by kicking the ball through the opponent's goalposts.

If the score is tied after four quarters, the game enters overtime.

American football evolved from soccer and rugby. The first recorded game took place on November 6, 1869. This match was played between Rutgers and Princeton.

At that time, teams had 25 players each. They used a round ball that could not be carried. Players could only kick or bat the ball with their hands, feet, or heads. By 1875, the sport adopted rules similar to rugby union. Harvard played a version of the game that allowed running with the ball. This style used an oblong ball instead of a round one.

Walter Camp is known as the "Father of American Football." Starting in 1880, he introduced rules that defined the modern sport. He established the snap, which is the start of a play. He also created the line of scrimmage and set team sizes to eleven players.

Walter Camp - Project Gutenberg eText 18048
Walter Camp - Project Gutenberg eText 18048

In 1882, Camp proposed a rule to limit teams to three downs. This was meant to stop teams from holding the ball indefinitely to prevent scoring. Later, in 1912, the rules changed again to give teams four downs. This change, along with shortening the field, helped shape the modern game.

The sport faced serious challenges regarding player safety. In 1905, dangerous formations caused many injuries and 19 fatalities.

President Theodore Roosevelt threatened to abolish the game unless rules changed. This led to a meeting in New York City by 62 colleges. They formed the Intercollegiate Athletic Association, which later became the NCAA. To make the game safer, the legal forward pass was introduced in 1906. A neutral zone was also created to reduce dirty play between teams.

Professional football grew alongside the college game. The first recorded instance of a paid player was Pudge Heffelfinger in 1892. He was paid $500 to play for the Allegheny Athletic Association.

Vince Agnew
Vince Agnew

To manage player movement and rules, the National Football League (NFL) was established in 1920. The NFL became the premier professional league by 1922. The sport's popularity surged after a 1958 championship game known as the "Greatest Game Ever Played." This game was watched by millions on television and helped football become the most popular sport in the United States.

Today, American football has a massive global and domestic presence. In 1972, 38% of Americans named football as their favorite sport. This is twice the number of people who chose baseball. The NFL's championship, the Super Bowl, is one of the most-watched sporting events globally. While most popular in North America, the sport is growing in Europe, Brazil, and Japan.

NFL International Series 2010
NFL International Series 2010

Even a variant called flag football is set to appear at the 2028 Summer Olympics.

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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Walter Camp - Project Gutenberg eText 18048.jpg
Walter Camp - Project Gutenberg eText 18048.jpg
File:WCMorris Spokesman-Review cartoons 099 (1).jpg
WCMorris Spokesman-Review cartoons 099 (1).jpg
File:43BaseDefense.svg
43BaseDefense.svg
File:Hurricanes Quarterback.JPG
Hurricanes Quarterback.JPG
File:Arian Foster fumble.jpg
Arian Foster fumble.jpg
File:Connor Barth attempts field goal 8 November 2015 151108-F-ID984-017.jpg
Connor Barth attempts field goal 8...
File:2006 Navy - Tusla.jpg
2006 Navy - Tusla.jpg
File:Edward Jones Dome endzone view.jpg
Edward Jones Dome endzone view.jpg
File:Amerikansk fotboll i plast - 2025.jpg
Amerikansk fotboll i plast - 2025.jpg
File:Delhomme goes deep.jpg
Delhomme goes deep.jpg
File:American football referees.jpg
American football referees.jpg
File:First down measurement at EWU at Cal 2009-09-12.JPG
First down measurement at EWU at Cal...

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