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Pollucite

earth science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Pollucite is a unique mineral that belongs to the zeolite group. Zeolites are a family of minerals with specific structures. Pollucite is highly valued because it serves as a significant ore for caesium. It can also act as an ore for rubidium. This mineral is chemically complex. It contains aluminium and sodium in its structure. Other elements like iron, calcium, rubidium, and potassium often substitute for these.

Pollucite-RoyalOntarioMuseum-Jan18-09
Pollucite-RoyalOntarioMuseum-Jan18-09

The physical appearance of pollucite varies quite a bit. It usually appears as colorless, white, or gray masses. On rare occasions, you might find pink or blue versions. It belongs to the isometric-hexoctahedral crystal system. This describes how its internal atoms are arranged. While the math of its structure allows for beautiful shapes, well-formed crystals are rare. The mineral is quite hard with a Mohs hardness of 6.5. It has a specific gravity of 2.9. If you were to break it, it would show a brittle fracture. It also has no cleavage, meaning it does not break along smooth, flat planes.

Pollucite exists in a solid solution series with another mineral called analcime. This means the two minerals can mix together in certain ways. It is typically found in lithium-rich granite pegmatites. Pegmatites are igneous rocks with very large crystals. In these environments, pollucite grows alongside many other minerals. You might find it with quartz or spodumene. It is also associated with petalite and amblygonite. Other neighbors include lepidolite, elbaite, and cassiterite. It can even be found near columbite, apatite, eucryptite, muscovite, albite, and microcline.

The history of discovering what is inside pollucite took several decades. August Breithaupt first described the mineral in 1846. He found it on the island of Elba in Italy. He chose the name Pollucite based on Greek mythology. In those stories, Pollux was the twin of Castor. This was because pollucite is often found with petalite. At that time, petalite was known as castorite.

Pollucite-RoyalOntarioMuseum-Jan18-09
Pollucite-RoyalOntarioMuseum-Jan18-09

Scientific understanding of the mineral's chemistry improved over time. Karl Friedrich Plattner performed an analysis in 1848. However, his analysis missed the high amount of caesium. This changed when caesium itself was discovered in 1860. Scientists then performed a second analysis in 1864. This new study successfully showed the high caesium content. We now know that the ore is very rich in this element. It contains about 23% to 25% caesium by weight.

Today, the location of pollucite reserves is very important for industry. A massive portion of the world's supply is in one place. About 82% of the known reserves are near Bernic Lake in Manitoba, Canada. This location is a major source for global supplies. The mineral is mined specifically for its caesium content. This makes the Manitoba site a vital geological resource.

Pollucite-RoyalOntarioMuseum-Jan18-09
Pollucite-RoyalOntarioMuseum-Jan18-09

The caesium extracted from pollucite has specific industrial uses. One major application is in the oil industry. It is used to create caesium formate. This substance is used for oil drilling assistance. This shows how a rare mineral from a granite pegmatite helps power modern technology. Understanding the chemistry of pollucite helps engineers use it effectively in the field.

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