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Planetary science

space Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Planetary science is the study of planets and other objects in space.

Jupiter
Jupiter

This includes the Earth and our neighbors like moons, asteroids, and comets. Scientists want to learn how these worlds were made. They also study what the objects are made of. They look at how they move and how they change over time. This field brings together many different types of science. It uses ideas from geology, physics, and even oceanography.

Pluto's Sputnik Planum geologic map (cropped)
Pluto's Sputnik Planum geologic map (cropped)

Scientists use different ways to find answers about space. Some do observational research by using robotic spacecraft. These probes can see things from very close up. Other scientists do theoretical research using math and computers. They build models to see how things might work. They also use laboratories on Earth to study space rocks. Some scientists use telescopes to look at distant planets. This helps them see the shape and spin of small objects.

Magnetosphere rendition
Magnetosphere rendition

People have wondered about the stars for a very long time. An ancient Greek philosopher named Democritus shared some early ideas. He thought worlds might be different sizes and have no suns. Much later, Galileo began modern studies of the planets. In 1609, he looked at the Moon through a telescope. He saw that the Moon had mountains and was not smooth. This helped people see that other worlds might look like Earth.

Jupiter
Jupiter

We can learn a lot from studying real samples from space. Scientists study meteorites, which are pieces of space that fall to Earth. For example, 65 Martian meteorites have been found on our planet. Many of these were found in the Sahara Desert or Antarctica. We also have samples from the Moon. During the Apollo program, astronauts brought back 384 kilograms of Moon rocks. Three Soviet Luna robots also brought back samples of Moon dust.

Pluto's Sputnik Planum geologic map (cropped)
Pluto's Sputnik Planum geologic map (cropped)

Planetary science also looks at the invisible forces in space. Every planet has its own gravity and magnetic fields. A strong magnetic field can create a magnetosphere. This acts like a shield around a planet. It protects the world from the solar wind. The solar wind is a stream of particles from the Sun.

Magnetosphere rendition
Magnetosphere rendition

By studying these fields, scientists learn how planets work. They can even map the gravity of a planet by watching how spacecraft move. This helps us understand the secrets of our whole Solar System.

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File:Pluto's_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_(cropped).jpg
Pluto's_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_(cropped).jpg
File:Magnetosphere rendition.jpg
Magnetosphere rendition.jpg
File:Jupiter.jpg
Jupiter.jpg
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