Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Phuket province

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Phuket is a province located in southern Thailand.

Phuket (Before)
Phuket (Before)

It is situated in the Andaman Sea off the west coast of the mainland. The province consists of Phuket Island, which is the largest island in Thailand. It also includes 32 smaller islands off the coast. The Sarasin Bridge connects the island to Phang Nga province to the north. To the east, Krabi province lies across Phang Nga Bay. Although it is a large island, Phuket is the second-smallest province in Thailand.

Districts Phuket
Districts Phuket

The name Phuket likely comes from the Malay word "Bukit," meaning "hill." This refers to how the island appears from a distance. Historically, the area was inhabited by Austronesian Malays. Later, the Thai settled the region during the southward expansions of Siamese kingdoms. The province was formerly known as Thalang, a name derived from the old Malay word "Telong," meaning "cape." In Western navigation charts, the island was often called Junk Ceylon. This was a corruption of the Malay name for Cape Salang.

The geography of Phuket Island is very diverse. A mountain range runs from north to south along the western side. The highest point is Khao Mai Thao Sip Song. Another high peak in the Kamala Hills may reach 542 meters. About 60% of the island is covered by forests and plantations. These include rubber and palm oil plantations. The west coast features sandy beaches like Kamala, Patong, Karon, and Kata.

Karon Beach, Phuket
Karon Beach, Phuket

In contrast, the east coast mostly has muddy beaches. The Khao Phra Thaeo No-Hunting Area protects large parts of the rainforest.

Map Phuket Protected Areas
Map Phuket Protected Areas

Phuket has a long history of international trade. It sat on a major route between India and China. Many European powers, including Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England, visited the island. In the 1600s, nations competed to trade for the island's tin. The Portuguese explorer Fernão Mendes Pinto described the island as Junk Ceylon in his 16th-century accounts. He noted it was a significant port for supplies. However, he also mentioned that pirates and rough seas caused a decline in trade during the mid-1500s.

Audience with Narai, 1685-10-18 (b)
Audience with Narai, 1685-10-18 (b)

Political changes and wars shaped the province's history. In the 1680s, King Narai of Siam appointed a French missionary as governor. He also granted the French a tin monopoly. However, a Siamese revolution in 1688 reduced the French presence. In 1785, the island faced a Burmese invasion during the Nine Armies' Wars. A captain named Francis Light warned the local authorities of the attack. Two sisters, Chan and Mook, led a clever defense. They had women dress as soldiers to trick the Burmese. This ruse caused the attackers to retreat after a month-long siege.

Wat Chalong - Phuket
Wat Chalong - Phuket

The economy of Phuket has changed significantly over time. Originally, wealth came from producing tin and rubber. During the reign of King Chulalongkorn, Phuket became the administrative center for tin production in the south. In 1876, Chinese laborers held an uprising due to falling tin prices. Today, tourism is the primary source of income. The province is nicknamed the "Pearl of the Andaman." It is also a major area for pearl cultivation. The provincial aquatic animal is the pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima.

Phuket is now a very crowded and diverse place. The population has grown rapidly. In 2010, the population was 525,709. By 2025, an official estimate suggested the resident population might reach 2,000,000. This includes many international expatriates and migrants. More than 100,000 foreigners have settled in the province. The island has faced natural and global challenges. In 2004, a massive tsunami caused by an earthquake killed about 250 people in Phuket.

More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the tourism-based economy. Despite these events, Phuket remains a vital part of Thailand.

Mural of King Rama 9 - Dibuk Road, Phuket
Mural of King Rama 9 - Dibuk Road, Phuket
617 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Audience with Narai, 1685-10-18 (b).jpg
Audience with Narai, 1685-10-18 (b).jpg
File:Дом семьи Чинпрача.jpg
Дом семьи Чинпрача.jpg
File:Mural of King Rama 9 - Dibuk Road, Phuket.jpg
Mural of King Rama 9 - Dibuk Road, Phuket.jpg
File:Map Phuket Protected Areas.png
Map Phuket Protected Areas.png
File:Districts Phuket.svg
Districts Phuket.svg
File:Muelle de Ao Por, Phuket, Tailandia, 2013-08-20, DD 06.JPG
Muelle de Ao Por, Phuket, Tailandia,...
Phuket (Before).tif
File:Thai Airways B747-400 HS-TGZ Phuket.jpg
Thai Airways B747-400 HS-TGZ Phuket.jpg
File:Street sign in Phuket, Thailand.jpg
Street sign in Phuket, Thailand.jpg
File:Round Landmark School Icon - Transparent.svg
Round Landmark School Icon - Transparent.svg
File:586-house-with-garden.svg
586-house-with-garden.svg
File:Parents, enfants, famille.png
Parents, enfants, famille.png

+ 5 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.