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Personal flotation device

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A personal flotation device, or PFD, is a very important tool for staying safe.

LifevestlocationSeatbeltreminder
LifevestlocationSeatbeltreminder

People often call them life jackets, life vests, or life preservers. Their main job is to keep a person afloat in deep water. A good PFD keeps your head and mouth above the surface. This means you do not have to swim to stay up. It can even keep you afloat if you are unconscious.

Childs life vest
Childs life vest

People wear them on small boats or while swimming. They are also found on large ships for emergencies.

Most PFDs work using one of two main ways. Many are made of foam pieces that naturally float. These are often called buoyancy aids.

Lifejacket2
Lifejacket2

Other types use air to stay afloat. Some life jackets have air cells called bladders. You can inflate these by blowing into a tube. You can also use a small canister of gas to fill them.

Alaska 2007 075
Alaska 2007 075

These devices are often bright yellow or red. This makes them easy for rescuers to see. Some even have special tape that shines when light hits it.

French bulldog in life jacket
French bulldog in life jacket

Humans have used many things to float for a long time. Early people used animal skins or hollow gourds to cross rivers. In 1802, Abraham Bosquet suggested using canvas bags filled with cork shavings.

PSM V31 D669 Cork jacket and life buoy
PSM V31 D669 Cork jacket and life buoy

Later, in 1854, Captain John Ross Ward created a cork vest. He worked for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in the UK. He wanted to protect lifeboat crews from bad weather and drowning. In 1900, Gustave Trouvé even patented a lifejacket that used batteries. It could power a light to send SOS messages.

Many different designs have been made for specific jobs. During World War II, many people used kapok suits. Kapok is a soft material from a vegetable.

Men donning kapok suits on ship delivering oil to Allies during WWII (23558647890)
Men donning kapok suits on ship delivering oil to Allies during WWII (23558647890)

In 1928, Peter Markus invented an inflatable life preserver. People called it a "Mae West" after a famous actress.

Mae West life preserver
Mae West life preserver

These were very popular with pilots in the war. In 1972, people began using synthetic foam instead of kapok. These modern jackets are very strong and reliable.

PFDs are designed to fit many different people and activities. They come in different sizes to match a person's weight.

AREA 47 Rafting Imster Schlucht, 2018 (cropped)
AREA 47 Rafting Imster Schlucht, 2018 (cropped)

Some are made for fun activities like water skiing. Others are specialized for scuba diving or even submarines. Some even have extra parts to keep you warm in cold water. This helps prevent a person from getting too cold. Whether you are on a raft or a plane, these tools help keep you safe.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:PSM V31 D669 Cork jacket and life buoy.jpg
PSM V31 D669 Cork jacket and life buoy.jpg
File:Men donning kapok suits on ship delivering oil to Allies during WWII (23558647890).jpg
Men donning kapok suits on ship...
File:The Fleet Air Arm during the Second World War TR1121.jpg
The Fleet Air Arm during the Second World...
File:Mae West life preserver.jpg
Mae West life preserver.jpg
File:LifevestlocationSeatbeltreminder.jpg
LifevestlocationSeatbeltreminder.jpg
File:AREA 47 Rafting Imster Schlucht, 2018 (cropped).jpg
AREA 47 Rafting Imster Schlucht, 2018...
File:Lifejacket2.PNG
Lifejacket2.PNG
File:Childs life vest.jpg
Childs life vest.jpg
File:Life vest.jpg
Life vest.jpg
File:Alaska 2007 075.jpg
Alaska 2007 075.jpg
File:Survival suit mg 6520.jpg
Survival suit mg 6520.jpg
File:French bulldog in life jacket.jpg
French bulldog in life jacket.jpg
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