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Perak

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Perak is a state located on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula in Malaysia.

1942 Japanese World War II Map of the Malay Peninsula and Singapore - Geographicus - Kamatchka-japanese-1940
1942 Japanese World War II Map of the Malay Peninsula and Singapore - Geographicus - Kamatchka-japanese-1940

It shares land borders with several other Malaysian states. To the north lies Kedah. To the northwest is Penang. To the east, it borders Kelantan and Pahang. To the south, it meets Selangor. The state also sits near the Yala and Narathiwat provinces of Thailand to the northeast. Perak is a diverse region with an equatorial climate. It features many tropical rainforests and large mountain ranges. These include the Titiwangsa, Bintang, and Keledang Ranges. These mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system. This system connects Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia.

The history of Perak reaches back into prehistory.

Gua Tambun5
Gua Tambun5

Archaeologists have found many important sites in the Lenggong Archaeological Heritage Valley. These include Bukit Bunuh and Kota Tampan. At Bukit Bunuh, the geology shows evidence of a meteoric impact.

Perak Axe (BM)
Perak Axe (BM)

A very famous discovery is the "Perak Man." This is an ancient skeleton found in the Bukit Gunung Runtuh cave. It is approximately 10,000 years old. This discovery provided vital information about how Homo sapiens migrated. They moved from mainland Asia through Southeast Asia toward Australia. Other finds, like stone tools at Kota Tampan, help explain these ancient human movements.

Limestone hills of Tambun near the Tibetan Temple
Limestone hills of Tambun near the Tibetan Temple

Additionally, the Tambun rock art is the largest site of its kind in the Malay Peninsula.

Before the arrival of Islam, different religious cultures shaped the region.

Perak Axe (BM)
Perak Axe (BM)

Many statues of Buddha and Hindu deities have been found in Bidor and Jalong. These suggest that inhabitants were mainly Hindu or Buddhist. Some historians link this era to the semi-legendary Gangga Negara kingdom. By the 15th century, the kingdom of Beruas had emerged. Later, a Muslim sultanate began to form around 1528. This sultanate grew from the remnants of the Malaccan Sultanate. The first Sultan, Muzaffar Shah I, was the son of the eighth Sultan of Malacca. He established the monarchy on the banks of the Perak River.

The political history of the sultanate involved many powerful neighbors.

Aceh Sultanate en
Aceh Sultanate en

For over two hundred years, Perak resisted Siamese occupation. However, the Aceh Sultanate from Sumatra held significant influence. In 1577, the disappearance of Sultan Mansur Shah I led to Acehnese intervention. The Acehnese even took the Sultan's widow and children to Sumatra. Perak's independence from Aceh grew when the Dutch East India Company, or VOC, arrived. The VOC competed with Aceh for control of the tin trade. In 1653, a treaty gave the Dutch exclusive rights to Perak's tin.

Dutch Fort Pulau Pangkor 2007 020 pano
Dutch Fort Pulau Pangkor 2007 020 pano

The Dutch even built a fort on Pangkor Island in 1670 to store tin ore.

British involvement changed the administration of the state significantly.

Pangkor Island, Perak, 1874
Pangkor Island, Perak, 1874

The English East India Company provided protection against Siamese attempts to conquer Perak. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 helped prevent conflicts between the British and the Dutch. This treaty allowed the British to expand their control in the Malay Peninsula. In 1874, the Pangkor Treaty led to direct British intervention. Perak appointed a British Resident to assist with governance. Eventually, Perak was absorbed into the Federated Malay States. The British reformed the government to promote a market-driven economy. They also worked to combat the practice of slavery in the state.

World War II brought major disruptions to the region.

Japanese Type 97 Te-Ke tanks during the Battle of Kampar, 1941
Japanese Type 97 Te-Ke tanks during the Battle of Kampar, 1941

The Japanese occupied Perak for three years. This occupation halted the progress made under British administration. After the war, Perak was part of the temporary Malayan Union. It was later absorbed into the Federation of Malaya. Perak gained full independence through this federation. On 16 September 1963, Malaysia was formed, and Perak became a part of it. Today, the state is divided into 12 administrative districts. These include Batang Padang, Kinta, and Hulu Perak, among others.

Perak is a culturally and linguistically diverse state today.

Istana Iskandariah Bukit Chandan Kuala Kangsar
Istana Iskandariah Bukit Chandan Kuala Kangsar

The population is approximately 2,000,000 people. While Malay is the official language, many people speak English, Mandarin, and Tamil. The state religion is Islam, but other religions are practiced freely. The Sultan of Perak serves as the head of state. The Menteri Besar is the head of government. The administration follows a model similar to the Westminster parliamentary system. The economy relies mainly on manufacturing and services.

Road bridge passing the Royal Belum Rainforest, Perak, Malaysia
Road bridge passing the Royal Belum Rainforest, Perak, Malaysia

Perak is also famous for its traditional pottery called labu sayong and unique dances like dabus.

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🖼️ Images & Media (40)
Lagu Rasmi Perak - Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan.ogg
File:Gua Tambun5.jpg
Gua Tambun5.jpg
File:Perak Axe (BM).JPG
Perak Axe (BM).JPG
File:Aceh Sultanate en.svg
Aceh Sultanate en.svg
File:Dutch Fort Pulau Pangkor 2007 020 pano.jpg
Dutch Fort Pulau Pangkor 2007 020 pano.jpg
File:Image from page 833 of "Pagan races of the Malay Peninsula" (1906).jpg
Image from page 833 of "Pagan races of...
File:Collectie NM van Wereldculturen TM-60016182 Groepsportret met lokale bestuurders in Perak Auteur Marie-Franþois-Xavier-Joseph-Jean-Honore Brau de Saint-Pol Lias (1840 - 1914).jpg
Collectie NM van Wereldculturen...
File:Pangkor Island, Perak, 1874.jpg
Pangkor Island, Perak, 1874.jpg
File:Women_tin_miners_in_Perak,_late_19th_century.jpg
Women_tin_miners_in_Perak,_late_19th_century.jpg
File:SultanAbdullahPerak.jpg
SultanAbdullahPerak.jpg
KITLV - 3608 - Lambert & Co., G.R. -...
File:The Author's first ride in Perak.png
The Author's first ride in Perak.png

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