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Pataliputra

history Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Pataliputra was a famous city in ancient India. It was located near the Ganges and Son rivers. This special spot helped the city become a center for trade. Merchants and smart thinkers traveled from all over India to visit. It was also a place where people shared many big ideas. The city was a very important place for many different groups of people.

Pataliputra capital. Department of Archaeology, Government of India
Pataliputra capital. Department of Archaeology, Government of India

The city was built in a very clever way. It sat where two rivers met, making it a "water fort." This helped protect the people living inside. During the Maurya Empire, the city was shaped like a parallelogram. It was about 2.5 kilometers wide and 15 kilometers long. The city had 64 gates to let people in and out. Most of these gates were placed about 500 meters apart.

History shows that many leaders chose this city as their home. A ruler named Ajatashatru first built a small fort there in 490 BCE. Later, a leader named Udayin made it a capital city. Many powerful empires ruled from here over many years. These included the Nanda, Maurya, Gupta, and Pala empires. A Greek traveler named Megasthenes even lived there. He wrote about how wonderful the city looked.

Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASI 1926-27
Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASI 1926-27

At its height, Pataliputra was one of the largest cities in the world. During the time of Emperor Ashoka, it had up to 400,000 people. The city walls were made of wood. Later, Emperor Ashoka may have used stone for his palace. A traveler named Faxian visited in 400 CE. He saw that the people were very kind and rich. They even built hospitals to help the poor and the sick.

Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace
Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace

Eventually, the great city began to change and fade away. The Ganges river changed its path, which made trading harder. Big floods and wars also caused many problems for the people. By the year 637, a traveler named Xuanzang found the city in ruins. Much of the old city was eventually left behind. Later, a leader named Sher Shah Suri made the area his capital. He gave the city the new name of Patna.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Mauryan ruins of pillared hall at Kumrahar site of Pataliputra ASIEC 1912-13.jpg
Mauryan ruins of pillared hall at...
File:Pataliputra_capital._Department_of_Archaeology,_Government_of_India.jpg
Pataliputra_capital._Department_of_Archaeo...
File:Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASI 1926-27.jpg
Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at...
File:Mauryan remains of wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASIEC 1912-13.jpg
Mauryan remains of wooden palissade at...
File:Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace.jpg
Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace.jpg
File:Ruins of Patliputra at Kumhrar.JPG
Ruins of Patliputra at Kumhrar.JPG
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