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Pataliputra

history Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Pataliputra was a great city in ancient India. It sat near the Ganges and Son rivers. A ruler named Ajatashatru first built it as a small fort in 490 BCE.

Later, a leader named Udayin made it a capital city. Many powerful ruling families lived there. These included the Nanda and Maurya empires.

Pataliputra capital. Department of Archaeology, Government of India
Pataliputra capital. Department of Archaeology, Government of India

During the Maurya period, it was one of the largest cities in the world. It had 64 gates and wooden walls.

Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASI 1926-27
Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASI 1926-27

The city was very rich. A traveler named Faxian saw that the people were kind. They built hospitals to help the poor and sick.

Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace
Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace

Over time, the city began to fade. The Ganges river changed its path. This made trade harder for the people. Floods and wars also hurt the city. Eventually, the old city was left behind. Later, a leader named Sher Shah Suri made the area his capital. He called it Patna.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Mauryan ruins of pillared hall at Kumrahar site of Pataliputra ASIEC 1912-13.jpg
Mauryan ruins of pillared hall at...
File:Pataliputra_capital._Department_of_Archaeology,_Government_of_India.jpg
Pataliputra_capital._Department_of_Archaeo...
File:Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASI 1926-27.jpg
Mauryan remains of a wooden palissade at...
File:Mauryan remains of wooden palissade at Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra ASIEC 1912-13.jpg
Mauryan remains of wooden palissade at...
File:Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace.jpg
Fa Hsien at the ruins of Asoka's palace.jpg
File:Ruins of Patliputra at Kumhrar.JPG
Ruins of Patliputra at Kumhrar.JPG
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