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Parliament

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A parliament is a special group of people that makes laws for a country.

Hungarian Parliament Building - Council Hall (27368050660)
Hungarian Parliament Building - Council Hall (27368050660)

This group is also called a legislature. Most parliaments have three very important jobs to do. First, they represent the people who voted for them. Second, they work together to write and pass new laws. Third, they watch over the leaders of the government to make sure they do their jobs right.

Magna Carta (British Library Cotton MS Augustus II.106)
Magna Carta (British Library Cotton MS Augustus II.106)

This system helps a country run in an organized way.

How a parliament works depends on the country. Many parliaments are made of elected members called legislators. These members are chosen by the people during elections. In some places, a parliament is part of a system where powers are fused together. This means the law-making group and the government leaders work closely. Some countries use the word "parliament" even if it is not their official name. For example, the Parliament of Ghana uses this name.

House of Commons 2010
House of Commons 2010

Long ago, people used different ways to make decisions. In ancient times, some groups used tribal councils or village elders. Some scholars think ancient Mesopotamia or ancient India had early forms of these groups. Ancient Athens was also famous for its assembly called the ekklesia. In Athens, every free male citizen could join the discussions. However, women and slaves were not allowed to take part. The Roman Republic also had assemblies that made important choices about war and peace.

In England, the history of parliament is very long. Early on, Anglo-Saxon kings had a council called the Witenagemot. This name meant a "meeting of wise men." Later, King William I used a group called the Curia Regis. In 1215, a famous document called Magna Carta was signed by King John. This document said the king had to follow the law. In 1295, King Edward I held the Model Parliament. This meeting was special because it included the "Commons." These were elected people from towns and rural areas.

1 westminster palace panorama 2012 dusk (cropped)
1 westminster palace panorama 2012 dusk (cropped)

Over many years, parliaments became much more powerful. In the 1600s, the Glorious Revolution in Britain helped make parliamentary rule very strong. This helped the country stay stable even when kings changed. During the 1800s, many people in Europe fought to strengthen their parliaments. Even though some changes failed at first, they led to long-term growth. In the 19th and 20th centuries, more people were allowed to vote. This helped many parliaments around the world become democratic.

share of women in parliament, World, 2024 (cropped)
share of women in parliament, World, 2024 (cropped)
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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:House of Commons 2010.jpg
House of Commons 2010.jpg
File:Chamber_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Japan.jpg
Chamber_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of...
File:Bundesratswahl 2009 - Applaus.jpg
Bundesratswahl 2009 - Applaus.jpg
File:Magna Carta (British Library Cotton MS Augustus II.106).jpg
Magna Carta (British Library Cotton MS...
File:Statue_of_Oliver_Cromwell_280_tcm4-569959.jpg
Statue_of_Oliver_Cromwell_280_tcm4-569959.jpg
File:Alþingishúsið.jpg
Alþingishúsið.jpg
File:Eduskunta istuntosali.jpg
Eduskunta istuntosali.jpg
File:Hungarian_Parliament_Building_-_Council_Hall_(27368050660).jpg
Hungarian_Parliament_Building_-_Council_Ha...
File:The_First_Sejm_1182.jpg
The_First_Sejm_1182.jpg
File:20070907 sejm rp 100B5000.jpg
20070907 sejm rp 100B5000.jpg
File:Фракция ЕР В Зале Пленарных Заседаний ГД.JPG
Фракция ЕР В Зале Пленарных Заседаний ГД.JPG
File:Scottish Parliament, Main Debating Chamber - geograph.org.uk - 1650829.jpg
Scottish Parliament, Main Debating...

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