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Paradise

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Paradise is a concept representing a place of everlasting happiness, delight, and bliss. It is often described as a land of luxury and fulfillment. Many people view it as a peaceful and prosperous realm. This idea is frequently contrasted with the miseries of human civilization. In many traditions, paradise is seen as a "higher place" or a holy place. It stands in direct opposition to the underworld or places of suffering.

Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003
Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003

Some thinkers use the term cosmogonically. This means they see paradise as the world before it was tainted by evil. In eschatological contexts, paradise is imagined as an abode for the virtuous dead.

The word "paradise" has a very deep history. It entered English from the French word "paradis." This word comes from the Latin "paradisus." The Latin term was used in the Vulgate translation of Genesis 2:8. That translation used the Greek word "paradeisos," which means a garden or an orchard.

Gardens of Ashurbanipal
Gardens of Ashurbanipal

The Greek word actually came from an Old Iranian form. That original word was "parādaiĵah," meaning a walled enclosure. This is made of two parts: "pairi," meaning around, and "diz," meaning to build a wall. This explains why the term originally described large, walled royal parks in the Persian Empire.

Different religious traditions hold very specific views on the nature of paradise. In Judaism, there is a concept called Gan Eden. Rabbinic Judaism identifies two distinct types of Gan Eden. The first is a terrestrial version. It is a place of abundant fertility and lush vegetation. The second is a celestial version known as the "higher Gan Eden." This is the habitation of immortal souls, including both Jewish and non-Jewish people. In this higher realm, the righteous may walk with God.

Some traditions, like the Jewish Kabbalah, use the word "Pardes" to represent four kinds of biblical interpretation. These include peshat, remez, derash, and sod.

Christianity also features diverse interpretations of paradise. In the 2nd century, a thinker named Irenaeus distinguished paradise from heaven. He suggested that only the worthy would inherit heaven. Others might enjoy paradise or live in a restored Jerusalem. The thinker Origen had a different view. He described paradise as an earthly "school" for souls. He believed it prepared the righteous for their ascent to heaven.

Angelico, giudizio universale 01
Angelico, giudizio universale 01

In the New Testament, Jesus mentions paradise while on the cross. He tells a thief that he will be with him in paradise that very day. This has led to debates about whether paradise is an intermediate resting place for the dead.

Other major world religions have their own versions of this ideal state. In Islam, the term "firdaws" is used in the Quran. In Hinduism and Buddhism, paradise and heaven are often seen as synonymous. These traditions suggest that higher levels are available to beings. These beings reach such levels through special attainments of virtue and meditation. Ancient Egyptian beliefs spoke of Aaru. This was a collection of reed-fields used for ideal hunting and fishing.

Nicolas Poussin - Le Printemps
Nicolas Poussin - Le Printemps

The Greeks believed in the Elysian fields. This was a land of plenty for the heroic and righteous dead. Zoroastrianism mentions the "House of Song" as a place for the righteous.

Jehovah's Witnesses hold a unique view regarding the history of paradise. They believe God's original purpose was to have a global paradise on earth. They teach that Adam and Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden due to rebellion. They believe that obedient people will live eternally in a restored earthly paradise. This will include the resurrected righteous and unrighteous people. These individuals will be judged based on their obedience to new instructions.

The concept of paradise has deeply influenced human culture and art. It is a major theme in literature, such as John Milton's "Paradise Lost." Artists have used many symbols to represent this place. For example, Fra Angelico depicted a tree of life and dancing souls.

Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003
Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003

In some Muslim art, artists leave empty spaces. This indicates the presence of divine beings who cannot be depicted. These artistic choices help humans visualize the concept of perfect peace and the divine.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Angelico, giudizio universale 01.jpg
Angelico, giudizio universale 01.jpg
File:Gardens of Ashurbanipal.jpg
Gardens of Ashurbanipal.jpg
File:Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003.jpg
Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003.jpg
File:Nicolas Poussin - Le Printemps.jpg
Nicolas Poussin - Le Printemps.jpg
File:Праведни Авраам и прaведни (покајани) разбојник у рају, живопис у светој обитељи Грачаница, Србија.jpg
Праведни Авраам и прaведни (покајани)...
File:Mohammed visiting Paradise.jpg
Mohammed visiting Paradise.jpg
File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit2.jpg
Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit2.jpg
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