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National flag

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A national flag is a special cloth that represents a nation. It acts as a symbol for a whole country and its people. Governments fly these flags to show their authority. However, regular citizens can also fly them to show pride. Most flags use specific colors and symbols to tell a story. These designs can also be used by themselves as symbols. Sometimes, a flag's design changes after big historical events happen.

Distribution colours in national flags
Distribution colours in national flags

Flags began a long time ago as military standards. Armies used them as signs to find each other in the field. For example, the Roman Empire used standards called vexillum. In the 11th century BC, the Zhou dynasty used white cloth banners. Viking chieftains also flew different types of Raven banners. Later, flags became common on the ocean as maritime flags. These flags helped people know which country a ship came from. The republic of Genoa was one of the first to use a national flag.

Similar Flags
Similar Flags

Many flags have changed as history moved forward. The flag of the United States is a great example. It was first used as a naval sign in 1777. It changes whenever a new state joins the Union. An act in 1818 said a new star must be added for every new state. The most recent change was in 1960 when Hawaii joined. Other flags change when a country changes its government. The flag of Germany has changed many times through different eras.

Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Johnson's new chart of national emblems, 1868
Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Johnson's new chart of national emblems, 1868

Some countries choose very specific designs for their flags. The tricolour design has three stripes of color. The flag of the Netherlands is one of the oldest tricolours still in use. It grew from the orange-white-blue Prinsenvlag used in the 16th century. Many other nations chose tricolours to show ideas like liberty and equality. For instance, France used a red, white, and blue design in the 1790s. Other countries like Italy and Ireland also used this style. Even Japan and Great Qing introduced new flags in the late 1800s.

Mexico Italy flag differences
Mexico Italy flag differences

Today, there are 193 national flags for United Nations members. People fly different types of flags on land and at sea. On land, there are civil flags for everyone and state flags for government use. Some countries even have special war flags for their military. At sea, a flag that shows a ship's nationality is called an ensign. These are flown from the back of the ship. Some countries use the same flag for both land and sea. Others, like the United Kingdom, use different ensigns for different purposes.

Flag of Cyprus
Flag of Cyprus
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File:Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Johnson's new chart of national emblems, 1868.jpg
Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Johnson's new...
File:La prima bandiera italiana portata in Firenze - Francesco Saverio Altamura.jpg
La prima bandiera italiana portata in...
File:Pedro Bruno - A Pátria.jpg
Pedro Bruno - A Pátria.jpg
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg
Flag of Cyprus.svg
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FIAV 100000.svg
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FIAV 010000.svg
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FIAV 001000.svg
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FIAV 111000.svg
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FIAV 000100.svg
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FIAV 000010.svg
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FIAV 000001.svg
File:Gijeong-ri Flag.jpg
Gijeong-ri Flag.jpg

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