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Name

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A name is a special term used to identify something. It can point to a single object or a whole group of things. The thing that a name points to is called its referent. People use names for many different things in their lives. Parents give names to their children to help them be known. Scientists give names to new elements they discover.

A History of Barrington, Rhode Island - Autographs
A History of Barrington, Rhode Island - Autographs

Even animals use names in their own ways. Dolphins use special signature whistles to call out to specific friends. Green-rumped parrotlets also use symbolic names to talk to each other.

Many people follow rules when they choose a name. These rules are called naming conventions. Some families choose names based on the order a child is born. In some East Asian cultures, siblings share a generation name. This is one syllable in a two-syllable given name. In many places, a son might be named after his father. In parts of Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name as his given name.

secret of secrets a
secret of secrets a

Other names might include the place where a person was born.

Personal names often have different parts. In many countries, people have a given name and a surname. A surname is a family name shared by relatives. In Europe and the Americas, the given name usually comes first. In parts of Asia and Hungary, the surname comes first. This is called Eastern name order. Some people have two surnames from both parents. Some people use middle names to show family links or special reasons.

Balinese ground zero
Balinese ground zero

This practice goes back to ancient Rome.

Names are also used for objects and science. Astronomers have rules for naming things in space. Biologists use a system called binomial nomenclature for living things. In chemistry, scientists use chemical nomenclature. Even products follow patterns. A car might have a make and a model, like a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Computers often use increasing numbers to show a new version.

secret of secrets a
secret of secrets a

Many numbers, like bank accounts or phone numbers, follow internal rules too.

Throughout history, names have been seen as very powerful. In the ancient near-east, names were thought to be a part of a person or a god. People believed that calling a spirit by its name could bring magic. In the Bible, a name change can show a big change in life. For example, Abram and Sarai were renamed Abraham and Sarah. In the Old Testament, names often describe a person's life. Solomon's name meant peace because his reign had no war.

A History of Barrington, Rhode Island - Autographs
A History of Barrington, Rhode Island - Autographs
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