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Molise

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Molise is an administrative region located in southern Italy.

Map of region of Molise, Italy, with provinces-it
Map of region of Molise, Italy, with provinces-it

It is the second smallest region in the country, following only the Aosta Valley. The region covers 4,438 square kilometers of land. It is divided into two distinct provinces: Campobasso and Isernia. Campobasso serves as the regional capital and is also the capital of its namesake province.

Cattedrale campobasso
Cattedrale campobasso

As of 2025, the total population of Molise is 287,966 people. Because of its small size and relative obscurity, a popular internet meme even claims that "Molise doesn't exist."

Geography and terrain define the character of the region.

Confini del Molise
Confini del Molise

Molise is bordered by Abruzzo to the north, Apulia to the east, Lazio to the west, and Campania to the south. The landscape is primarily mountainous, with 55% of the territory covered by mountains. These peaks are part of the Apennines, a much longer mountain range. Specifically, the territory includes the Appennino campano and the Appennino sannita. Other minor mountain chains include the Monti della Meta, the Monti delle Mainarde, and the Monti del Matese. The land eventually slopes down into hills that reach a sandy coastline on the Adriatic Sea. This coastline looks out toward the Tremiti Islands.

Torre Termoli
Torre Termoli

Water resources are abundant throughout the Molise territory. Several important rivers define the landscape and its borders. The Trigno river forms part of the border with Abruzzo. The Fortore river helps define the border with the Apulia region. Other significant rivers include the Biferno and the Sangro. Notably, the Volturno and the Tammaro rivers both originate within Molise. The Volturno is the longest river in southern Italy regarding length and basin size. While the region lacks large natural lakes, it contains two major artificial lakes. These are the Lago di Guardialfiera and the Lago di Occhito, which is shared with Apulia.

History shows that Molise has been inhabited for hundreds of thousands of years.

Evidence at the Isernia La Pineta archaeological site suggests human presence as far back as the Paleolithic period. Traces of humans dating to 700,000 years ago were found there. This makes the site one of the most important in Western Europe. A fossil of a child from 583,000 years ago was also discovered at this location.

Collage Isernia
Collage Isernia

Before Roman rule, the area was part of the historical region of Samnium. It was inhabited by Samnite heritage populations, such as the Penti tribe. The Romans eventually conquered the territory following the Samnite Wars. During the Middle Ages, the region saw various rulers, including the Lombards and the Normans. The name "Molise" likely originated from the de' Moulins family, who governed a Norman county in the area during the 11th century.

Modern Molise relies heavily on its agricultural and industrial sectors. The economy is largely driven by small and medium-sized farms. These holdings produce high-quality products like olive oil, cereals, vegetables, fruits, and dairy. Molise is also known for traditional products such as Farro and Grass Pea. The region has a unique grape variety called Tintilia, which was rediscovered recently.

Saepinum (66)
Saepinum (66)

While agriculture is dominant, there is also an industrial sector, including a large Fiat plant in Termoli. Food processing is another major industry, focusing on pasta, meat, milk, oil, and wine. The services sector includes banking, insurance, transport, and catering. Many businesses remain small, which can make national marketing difficult.

The demographics of the region reflect a history of movement. The population density is 64.5 inhabitants per square kilometer, which is well below the Italian national average of 195.1. Between 1951 and 1971, large-scale emigration to other parts of Italy and the European Union caused a population decline. Some smaller villages lost over 60% of their residents due to this movement. The region is also home to unique ethnic minorities. These include the Molisan Croats, who speak an old Dalmatian dialect of Croatian. There are also communities that speak the Arbëresh dialect of Albanian in the province of Campobasso.

Tourism and culture provide significant value to the region.

Campobasso castello
Campobasso castello

Visitors travel to see picturesque villages and historic monuments. Many towns have been selected by the association "Borghi più belli d'Italia" for their historical and artistic interest. The region features many castles, such as Castello Monforte, and significant religious sites like the Cathedral of Campobasso. Archeological sites like Altilia (Sepino) allow visitors to see the ancient past. While Molise does not have its own airport, travelers often use nearby airports in Abruzzo, Bari, Naples, or Rome. The A14 highway serves as the primary connection for travelers passing through the region by car.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Confini del Molise.png
Confini del Molise.png
File:Tavola di Agnone (frammento).png
Tavola di Agnone (frammento).png
File:Map Archeological sites I 1992 - Siti archeologici del Sannio e del Molise - Touring Club Italiano CART-TEM-092 (cropped).jpg
Map Archeological sites I 1992 - Siti...
File:Campobasso castello.jpg
Campobasso castello.jpg
File:Saepinum (66).JPG
Saepinum (66).JPG
File:Collage Isernia.jpg
Collage Isernia.jpg
File:Torre Termoli.jpg
Torre Termoli.jpg
File:Cattedrale campobasso.jpg
Cattedrale campobasso.jpg
File:Map of region of Molise, Italy, with provinces-it.svg
Map of region of Molise, Italy, with...
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