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Basilicata

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Basilicata is an administrative region located in Southern Italy.

Map of region of Basilicata, Italy, with provinces-it
Map of region of Basilicata, Italy, with provinces-it

It sits in a position that resembles the arch of the Italian boot. To the west, it borders the region of Campania. To the north and east, it meets Apulia. To the south, it is bordered by Calabria. The region possesses two distinct coastlines. A 30-kilometre stretch sits on the Gulf of Policastro in the Tyrrhenian Sea. A longer coastline stretches along the Gulf of Taranto in the Ionian Sea.

Lucania da The Historical Atlas, by William R. Shepherd, 1911
Lucania da The Historical Atlas, by William R. Shepherd, 1911

The region is divided into two provinces: Potenza and Matera. Potenza serves as the regional capital.

The physical landscape of Basilicata is defined by its rugged terrain. It is the most mountainous region in southern Italy. Specifically, 47% of the total area is covered by mountains. The remaining land is mostly hilly, making up 45% of the area. Only 8% of the region consists of plains. Notable mountain ranges include the Pollino massif and the Dolomiti lucane.

Dolomiti lucane e Pietrapertosa
Dolomiti lucane e Pietrapertosa

The geography also features volcanic formations, such as Monte Vulture. The earth in the north and south contains seismic faults. These faults are found in the Melfi and Potenza areas, and around Pollino. Because the rock is often weak, landslides are a common problem. This issue is worsened by a lack of forests. Many trees were felled during the Roman era, leaving the soil bare.

Calanchi1
Calanchi1

The climate of the region is quite variable. It is influenced by the three surrounding coastlines. In the high mountains, the climate is continental. Along the coastal areas, the climate is Mediterranean. This variety of weather and terrain shapes how people live. The population currently stands at 530,004 people.

Castelmezzano - Province of Potenza, Italy - 3 July 2010
Castelmezzano - Province of Potenza, Italy - 3 July 2010

This population is split almost evenly between males and females. Interestingly, the region has a higher percentage of seniors than the Italian average. About 26% of the population are seniors, while only 13.6% are minors.

Ancient history in this area began with early human traces. Findings of Homo erectus date back to the late Paleolithic period. Fossils of elephants and rhinoceroses have also been found at Venosa. In the fifth millennium, people moved from caves into settlements of huts. These early inhabitants cultivated cereals and practiced animal husbandry. By the Bronze Age, stable market centers appeared near Maratea. During the ancient Greek and Roman eras, the region was known as Lucania. This name may have come from the Latin word "lux," meaning light.

Pittore di pisticci, pelike con due donne, 440-430 ac ca
Pittore di pisticci, pelike con due donne, 440-430 ac ca

The Greeks established many city-states along the coast, making it part of Magna Graecia.

Following the Roman era, many different groups controlled the territory. The Byzantines reconquered the area from the Ostrogoths in the mid-6th century. Later, the Lombards established the Duchy of Benevento. During the Middle Ages, Saracen raids forced many people to move. They left the coastal plains for safer towns on the hills. In the 11th century, the Normans conquered the region. Robert Guiscard was named Duke in Melfi in 1043.

Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke
Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke

The Emperor Frederick II later reorganized the area. He created the Justiciarate of Basilicata and issued the Constitutions of Melfi.

Castello di melfi1
Castello di melfi1

This code of laws was central to the Kingdom of Sicily.

The name "Basilicata" itself has interesting theories regarding its origin. One theory suggests it comes from "basilikos," referring to the Byzantine emperors. These emperors ruled the region for several centuries. Another theory links the name to the Basilica of Acerenza. This building held judicial power during the Middle Ages.

Cattedrale dal drone
Cattedrale dal drone

The region later saw rule from the Aragonese and the Spanish. It eventually became part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. This period of history was marked by shifting power between noble families.

Modern Basilicata was shaped by the unification of Italy. In 1860, the region joined the new Kingdom following the Expedition of the Thousand. This transition was difficult for many residents. The state sold much land that was once owned by the Church. This land went to a few wealthy families. As a result, many citizens remained in poverty. This led to a period of civil war known as brigandage.

Banda Totaro
Banda Totaro

A famous leader of these movements was Carmine Crocco. Significant improvements only began after World War II through land reform. In 1952, the state rehoused the people living in the Sassi di Matera. Despite these changes, the region still faces challenges from past demographic crises.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Lucania da The Historical Atlas, by William R. Shepherd, 1911.png
Lucania da The Historical Atlas, by...
File:Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke.jpg
Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke.jpg
File:Banda Totaro.jpg
Banda Totaro.jpg
File:Dolomiti lucane e Pietrapertosa.jpg
Dolomiti lucane e Pietrapertosa.jpg
File:Calanchi1.jpg
Calanchi1.jpg
File:Map of region of Basilicata, Italy, with provinces-it.svg
Map of region of Basilicata, Italy, with...
File:Sata Melfi.jpg
Sata Melfi.jpg
File:Tavole-palatine - Hera temple.jpg
Tavole-palatine - Hera temple.jpg
File:Abbazia della Santissima Trinità ( Venosa).jpg
Abbazia della Santissima Trinità ( Venosa).jpg
File:Cattedrale dal drone.jpg
Cattedrale dal drone.jpg
File:Castello di melfi1.JPG
Castello di melfi1.JPG
File:Castelmezzano - Province of Potenza, Italy - 3 July 2010.jpg
Castelmezzano - Province of Potenza,...

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